Table 2 Research process outline for the qualitative study design

Health service providers

Purposive

The study area has 22 health facilities and at least 2 health workers (doctors, nurses, and environmental health practitioners) from each facility would be selected, however, the sample size would depend on data saturation

Unstructured interview guide

Note-taking, tape recording, and photographs

Data transcription, coding, and thematic analysis using N-Vivo 12 software

Community leaders

Purposive

At least 5 councillors from study areas, 10 headmasters/teachers, 7 council managers, and 2 EMA officials would be recruited, however, the sample size would depend on data saturation

Unstructured interview guide

Note-taking, tape recording, and photographs

Data transcription, coding, and thematic analysis using N-Vivo 12 software

Residents

Purposive

Five focus groups of 5 to 8 participants comprising an equal number of males and females aged between 18 and 65 years would be recruited

Focus group discussion (FGD) interview guide

Note-taking, tape recording, and photographs

Data transcription, coding, and thematic analysis using N-Vivo 12 software