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Table 1 General characteristics of study participants over quartiles of polyphenols intake (n = 391)

From: Inflammatory biomarkers in overweight and obese Iranian women are associated with polyphenol intake

Variables

Polyphenols intake

 

Polyphenol intake (ml/day)

Polyphenol intake (mg/day)

 

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

P value

(P value*)

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

P value

(P value*)

(n = 98)

(n = 98)

(n = 98)

(n = 97)

(n = 97)

(n = 99)

(n = 97)

(n = 98)

 

 ≤ 1829.690

1829.690–2291.151

2291.151–2907.076

 ≥ 2907.076

 ≤ 1829.690

1829.690–2291.151

2291.151–2907.076

 ≥ 2907.076

 

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

 

Demographic characteristic

Age (year)

33.642 ± 8.683

35.322 ± 9.271

39.051 ± 9.257

38.773 ± 8.571

0.001

34.515 ± 9.952

37.510 ± 8.735

37.453 ± 9.368

37.309 ± 8.507

0.063

PA (MET. min/week)

1053.159 ± 1260.401

833.472 ± 868.334

975.750 ± 935.927

1111.145 ± 1244.857

0.369

(0.022)c

844.073 ± 660.234

653.907 ± 728.583

901.096 ± 918.110

1326.118 ± 1,499,746

0.004 (0.004)c

Anthropometric and body composition

        

Weight (kg)

81.604 ± 12.582

80.718 ± 11.926

81.519 ± 12.074

80.837 ± 12.629

0.940 (0.587)

82.814 ± 11.794

80.348 ± 12.006

81.293 ± 13.386

80.257 ± 11.838

0.435 (0.391)

Height (cm)

160.994 ± 6.053

162.334 ± 6.204

160.551 ± 6.049

160.713 ± 5.077

0.134 (0.772)

161.381 ± 5.958

161.048 ± 5.958

161.151 ± 6.089

161.025 ± 5.620

0.974 (0.960)

BMI (kg/m2)

31.439 ± 4.336

30.606 ± 4.056

31.659 ± 4.006

31.396 ± 4.766

0.339

31.991 ± 4.740

30.945 ± 4.221

31.314 ± 4.458

30.854 ± 3.704

0.240 (0.185)

HC (cm)

111.955 ± 6.744

113.690 ± 8.259

114.137 ± 7.828

116.069 ± 13.356

0.296 (0.883)

115.571 ± 10.853

114.473 ± 11.633

113.697 ± 8.686

113.547 ± 8.696

0.820 (0.495)

WC (cm)

99.615 ± 10.350

99.114 ± 9.640

99.794 ± 9.836

99.843 ± 10.589

0.956 (0.729)

101.586 ± 9.409

98.730 ± 9.523

99.721 ± 11.465

98.348 ± 9.605

0.110

WHR

1.871 ± 9.246

0.937 ± 0.051

0.932 ± 0.049

0.940 ± 0.056

0.394 (0.958)

1.8847 ± 9.245

0.932 ± 0.050

0.936 ± 0.058

0.929 ± 0.054

0.377 (0.054b)

BFM (kg)

35.103 ± 9.025

33.874 ± 8.607

34.865 ± 7.943

35.093 ± 9.416

0.729 (0.699)

36.436 ± 9.027

34.019 ± 8.518

34.714 ± 9.267

33.776 ± 8.000

0.138 (0.106)

BF (%)

42.568 ± 5.240

41.650 ± 5.159

42.234 ± 5.217

42.462 ± 6.357

0.655 (0.386)

41.910 ± 6.082

41.398 ± 4.801

41.375 ± 5.274

40.963 ± 5.515

(0.060b)

Blood parameters

   

FBS (mg/dl)

88.629 ± 9.274

87.343 ± 10.462

88.000 ± 10.211

86.016 ± 8.464

0.482 (0.195)

86.173 ± 8.595

88.071 ± 11.112

88.777 ± 10.119

86.851 ± 8.673

0.469 (0.509)

TG (mg/dl)

111.754 ± 57.428

130.063 ± 65.701

114.482 ± 55.566

116.327 ± 59.286

0.326 (0.346)

112.891 ± 53.318

115.218 ± 58.407

129.968 ± 64.913

114.291 ± 59.883

0.352 (0.608)

Cholesterol (mg/dl)

180.612 ± 38.377

189.234 ± 33.707

185.322 ± 36.411

185.311 ± 36.816

0.621 (0.207)

179.978 ± 31.849

185.125 ± 39.755

188.460 ± 39.082

185.530 ± 34.056

0.692 (0.738)

LDL- c (mg/dl)

91.338 ± 25.911

98.203 ± 25.115

98.050 ± 21.157

92.541 ± 23.925

0.251

(0.047a)

95.369 ± 24.923

90.267 ± 21.881

97.555 ± 26.543

96.172 ± 23.361

0.386 (0.643)

HDL- c (mg/dl)

47.112 ± 10.908

47.078 ± 10.960

47.118 ± 9.903

45.918 ± 11.734

0.909 (0.983)

46.782 ± 9.118

46.178 ± 11.296

47.063 ± 12.146

47.061 ± 10.549

0.966 (0.885)

Categorical variables n (%)

Job status

Unemployed

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (100)

0 (0)

0.578

(0.641)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (50)

1 (50)

0.619 (0.646)

Employed

64 (26.2)

63 (25.8)

59 (24.2)

58 (23.8)

 

96 (24.9)

98 (25.5)

94 (24.4)

97 (25.2)

 

Supplement consumption

Yes

41 (25.9)

43 (27.2)

40 (25.3)

34 (21.5)

0.707 (0.402)

34 (21.5)

34 (21.5)

41 (25.9)

49 (31)

0.042 (0.051)

No

49 (27.8)

39 (22.2)

44 (25)

44 (25)

 

53 (30.1)

46 (26.1)

44 (25)

33 (18.8)

 

Educational status n (%)

 

Illiterate

0 (0)

2 (50)

2 (50)

0 (0)

0.661

(0.436)

2 (50)

0 (0)

2 (50)

0 (0)

0.595 (0.974)

Under diploma

9 (19.6)

11 (23.9)

12 (26.1)

14 (30.4)

 

9 (19.6)

12 (26.1)

13 (28.3)

12 (26.1)

Diploma

38 (25.5)

40 (26.8)

32 (21.5)

39 (26.2)

37 (24.8)

36 (24.2)

35 (23.5)

41 (27.5)

Bachelor and higher

48 (26.1)

45 (24.5)

49 (26.6)

42 (22.8)

47 (25.5)

50 (27.2)

43 (23.4)

44 (23.9)

Marital status n (%)

Single

30 (27.5)

34 (31.2)

22 (20.2)

21 (21.1)

0.218 (0.289)

31 (28.4)

29 (26.6)

25 (22.9)

24 (22)

0.654 (0.936)

Married

65 (23.7)

64 (23.4)

73 (26.6)

72 (26.3)

64 (23.4)

69 (25.2)

68 (24.8)

73 (26.6)

Economic status n (%)

Low

25 (28.4)

18 (20.5)

20 (22.7)

25 (28.4)

0.687 (0.399)

18 (20.5)

26 (29.5)

17 (19.3)

27 (30.7)

0.411 (0.162)

Middle

49 (26.9)

47 (25.8)

45 (24.7)

41 (22.5)

45 (24.7)

42 (23.1)

50 (27.5)

45 (24.7)

High

22 (20.6)

26 (24.3)

31 (29)

28 (26.2)

 

31 n

29 (27.1)

25 (23.4)

22 (20.6)

 
  1. Bold: P value < 0.05 was considered significant; also 0.05, 0.06, and 0.07 were considered marginally significant. P value* < 0.05 was considered significant; also 0.05, 0.06, and 0.07 were considered marginally significant
  2. BF% Body fat percentage; BFM Body fat mass; FBS Fasting blood sugar; HC Hip circumference; HDL High-density lipoprotein; LDL Low-density lipoprotein; PA Physical activity; Q Quartile; TG Triglycerides; WC Waist circumference; WHR Waist-to-hip ratio
  3. P value: ANOVA test was used
  4. Chi-square was used for categorical variables
  5. Values are represented as means ± SD
  6. Categorical variables: N (%)
  7. aSignificant mean difference according to Bonferroni post hoc was between Q1 and Q2
  8. bSignificant mean difference according to Bonferroni post hoc was between Q1 and Q4
  9. cSignificant mean difference according to Bonferroni post hoc was between Q2 and Q4
  10. *After adjustment for age, BMI, physical activity, energy intake
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Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition

ISSN: 2072-1315

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