Skip to main content

Table 3 Marginal effects of explanatory variables on eating one or more servings of fruits and vegetables in Turkey using the bivariate random-effects probit model

From: Fruit and vegetable consumption across population segments: evidence from a national household survey

Variables

Prob(y1 = 1)

Prob(y2 = 1)

Prob (y1 = 1, y2 = 1)

Prob (y1 = 1|y2 = 1)

Prob (y2 = 1|y1 = 1)

ME*100

Std. Err

ME*100

Std. Err

ME*100

Std. Err

ME*100

Std. Err

ME*100

Std. Err

Discrete variables

Gender

−5.441***

0.765

−11.827***

0.905

−7.911***

0.685

−0.043

0.841

−7.422***

0.710

Married

2.196***

0.722

5.015***

0.838

3.284***

0.636

−0.106

0.785

3.194***

0.655

Elementary school

7.505***

1.100

10.343***

1.274

8.696***

0.944

3.050***

1.228

5.412***

1.044

Secondary school

11.822***

1.312

11.749***

1.481

11.932***

1.137

7.191***

1.432

4.678***

1.186

High school

9.548***

1.271

10.393***

1.451

9.978***

1.105

5.348***

1.380

4.520***

1.168

Community college

13.866***

1.661

14.437***

1.898

14.243***

1.454

8.101***

1.787

6.026***

1.510

College

10.533***

1.449

11.673***

1.660

11.086***

1.259

5.794***

1.579

5.157***

1.332

Wage Job

0.831

1.308

1.292

1.466

1.014

1.141

0.268

1.396

0.711

1.144

Employer

−1.016

1.559

2.937*

1.781

0.462

1.372

−2.627

1.665

2.837**

1.386

Job seekers

−1.941

1.593

0.524

1.828

−1.035

1.405

−2.430

1.699

1.245

1.419

Retired

3.912**

1.735

2.805

2.013

3.541***

1.525

2.932

1.874

0.659

1.582

Homemaker

−0.228

1.414

−0.585

1.617

−0.365

1.242

0.043

1.514

−0.384

1.259

Overweight

0.328

0.677

0.028

0.778

0.219

0.598

0.352

0.721

−0.115

0.603

Obese

3.484***

0.880

0.930

1.021

2.562***

0.783

3.408***

0.932

−0.700

0.789

Morbidly obese

3.122**

1.375

3.481**

1.523

3.294***

1.170

1.706

1.514

1.546

1.220

General health insurance

2.031**

1.003

0.617

1.161

1.522*

0.887

1.949*

1.071

−0.347

0.890

Private health insurance

1.302

1.633

2.361

1.817

1.716

1.419

0.249

1.747

1.391

1.420

Cycling

4.878***

1.203

0.601

1.409

3.323***

1.037

5.129***

0.347

−1.555

1.136

Walking 10–29 min

0.631

0.846

3.443***

0.987

1.698**

0.746

−1.050

0.918

2.561***

0.774

Walking 30–59 min

2.511***

0.906

5.899***

1.050

3.817***

0.793

−0.205

0.988

3.787***

0.829

Walking 1–2 h

2.187*

1.124

5.854***

1.290

3.594***

0.987

−0.544

1.208

3.886***

1.013

Walking > 2 h

3.849***

1.462

6.670***

1.744

4.957***

1.303

0.893

1.578

3.858***

1.364

Resting

0.727

0.591

2.053***

0.694

1.235***

0.523

−0.235

0.637

1.379***

0.542

Moderate physical job

1.558***

0.627

2.831***

0.711

2.056***

0.552

0.294

0.671

1.670***

0.551

Heavy physical job

2.494*

1.412

2.809*

1.640

2.642**

1.264

1.349

1.482

1.258

1.258

Low income

−10.566***

1.401

−18.514***

1.596

−13.684***

1.202

−2.349

1.564

−10.758***

1.295

High income

4.002***

1.307

10.865***

1.512

6.635***

1.168

−1.072

1.373

7.237***

1.165

Marmara

2.522**

1.191

0.686

1.393

1.860*

1.043

2.461*

1.301

−0.496

1.100

Aegean

−9.631***

1.604

−12.066***

1.849

−10.661***

1.386

−4.589***

1.773

−5.858***

1.487

Mediterranean

−10.398***

1.380

−8.603***

1.593

−9.843***

1.211

−7.207***

1.498

−2.694**

1.243

Black Sea

−16.595***

1.239

−24.505***

1.415

−19.769***

1.069

−6.016***

1.388

−13.143***

1.154

Central Anatolia

−0.500

1.266

−1.410

1.483

−0.849

1.115

0.161

1.374

−0.947

1.163

Southeastern Anatolia

−16.309***

1.773

−24.343***

2.027

−19.527***

1.548

−5.780***

1.934

−13.131***

1.606

Continuous variables

Age

0.273***

0.028

0.255***

0.032

0.270***

0.024

0.175***

0.031

0.095***

0.026

Sports Time

1.205***

0.186

1.033***

0.213

1.155***

0.153

0.817***

0.218

0.342**

0.179

Tobacco

−7.332***

0.666

−2.829***

0.768

−5.721***

0.588

−6.730***

0.713

0.757

0.602

Alcohol

−0.282***

0.098

−0.167

0.114

−0.242***

0.087

−0.229**

0.103

−0.019

0.087

Number of children under 7

−0.120

0.463

−1.765***

0.532

−0.741*

0.404

0.766

0.504

−1.399***

0.419

Number of kids ages 7–14

−1.837***

0.405

−1.247***

0.467

−1.636***

0.352

−1.413***

0.444

−0.252

0.370

Number of adults

0.022

0.228

0.185

0.256

0.083

0.201

−0.070

0.240

0.142

0.197

Actual/Expected probability values

0.473/0.461

0.571/0.566

0.400/0.385

0.702/0.668

0.846/0.817

     
  1. ME shows marginal effects
  2. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.10.
Back to article page

Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition

ISSN: 2072-1315

Contact us