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Table 7 Marginal effects of explanatory variables on eating one or more servings of fruits and vegetables in Turkey using the bivariate probit model

From: Fruit and vegetable consumption across population segments: evidence from a national household survey

Variables

Prob (y1 = 1)

Prob (y2 = 1)

Prob (y1 = 1, y2 = 1)

Prob (y1 = 1|y2 = 1)

Prob (y2 = 1|y1 = 1)

ME*100

Std. Err

ME*100

Std. Err

ME*100

Std. Err

ME*100

Std. Err

ME*100

Std. Err

Discrete variables

Gender

−5.121***

1.084

−10.087***

1.075

−7.065***

0.961

−0.186

1.043

−5.981***

0.763

Married

2.274**

1.011

3.235***

0.998

2.663***

0.888

0.766

0.982

1.636**

0.713

Elementary school

11.467***

1.431

12.886***

1.417

12.176***

1.226

5.744***

1.467

5.442***

1.081

Secondary school

16.118***

1.739

14.444***

1.725

15.650***

1.511

10.088***

1.742

4.641***

1.279

High school

14.934***

1.709

14.422***

1.685

14.896***

1.484

8.776***

1.705

5.152***

1.247

Community college

19.704***

2.269

18.778***

2.242

19.558***

1.982

11.716***

2.238

6.592***

1.636

College

17.344***

1.960

16.274***

1.942

17.119***

1.713

10.454***

1.937

5.593***

1.421

Wage Job

−1.494

1.833

−2.253

1.792

−1.799

1.611

−0.433

1.766

−1.180

1.268

Employer

−2.207

2.166

0.683

2.137

−1.130

1.892

−2.842

2.129

1.546

1.546

Job seekers

−5.154***

2.154

−4.340**

2.103

−4.898***

1.895

−3.378*

2.072

−1.256

1.486

Retired

−1.502

2.382

−1.510

2.357

0.371

2.097

2.508

2.308

−1.908

1.678

Homemaker

−1.425

1.963

−2.932

1.925

−2.014

1.728

0.017

1.890

−1.767

1.361

Overweight

1.917**

0.934

2.583***

0.926

2.190***

0.824

0.725

0.905

1.261**

0.658

Obese

4.599***

1.220

3.568***

1.212

4.255***

1.082

3.182***

1.169

0.871

0.852

Morbidly obese

4.358***

1.845

6.953***

1.841

5.392***

1.608

1.055

1.837

3.753***

1.350

General health insurance

1.617

1.400

−0.547

1.394

0.810

1.232

2.108

1.364

−1.171

0.998

Private health insurance

2.660

2.280

3.791*

2.263

3.118

2.028

0.892

2.166

1.920

1.575

Cycling

5.820***

1.751

1.269

1.731

4.149***

1.524

5.809***

1.737

−1.560

1.265

Walking 10–29 min

−2.965***

1.169

−0.266

1.169

−1.969**

1.022

−3.169***

1.158

1.106

0.853

Walking 30–59 min

0.731

1.253

3.794***

1.258

1.904*

1.101

−1.265

1.234

2.783***

0.912

Walking 1–2 h

−1.338

1.532

2.286

1.526

0.027

1.343

−2.750*

1.506

2.471**

1.104

Walking > 2 h

2.159

2.006

3.580*

2.020

2.723

1.780

0.448

1.935

1.970

1.431

Resting

1.315

0.843

2.846***

0.842

1.911***

0.747

−0.093

0.811

1.746***

0.596

Moderate physical job

2.849***

0.884

4.306***

0.878

3.434***

0.783

0.821

0.849

2.257***

0.620

Heavy physical job

2.395

2.012

3.812**

2.013

2.959*

1.794

0.584

1.911

2.055

1.402

Low income

−9.766***

1.867

−12.923***

1.876

−11.070***

1.575

−3.822**

1.982

−6.231***

1.480

High income

2.313

1.870

6.750***

1.854

4.026***

1.685

−1.119

1.721

4.499***

1.248

Marmara

3.489**

1.626

1.433

1.632

2.743**

1.407

3.113**

1.647

−0.383

1.219

Aegean

−7.256***

2.175

−7.911***

2.174

−7.582***

1.844

−3.768*

2.277

−3.243**

1.687

Mediterranean

−9.103***

1.896

−4.183**

1.894

−7.326***

1.662

−7.879***

1.864

0.636

1.369

Black Sea

−15.469***

1.637

−17.860***

1.630

−16.541***

1.401

−7.487***

1.687

−7.731***

1.247

Central Anatolia

1.267

1.738

−0.760

1.746

0.509

1.514

1.833

1.740

−1.189

1.287

Southeastern Anatolia

−14.876***

2.397

−15.610***

2.342

−15.311***

2.071

−8.059***

2.394

−6.152***

1.728

Continuous variables

Age

0.348***

0.039

0.272***

0.038

0.323***

0.034

0.240***

0.038

0.068***

0.028

Sports Time

1.349***

0.260

1.085***

0.278

1.263***

0.225

0.912***

0.275

0.287

0.216

Tobacco

−8.801***

0.924

−2.652***

0.926

−6.553***

0.820

−8.382***

0.890

1.757***

0.655

Alcohol

−0.324**

0.140

−0.060

0.140

−0.227*

0.126

−0.329***

0.131

0.095

0.095

Number of children under 7

0.342

0.630

−1.488***

0.623

−0.351

0.549

1.199**

0.626

−1.372***

0.456

Number of kids ages 7–14

−1.039*

0.551

0.034

0.540

−0.641

0.475

−1.180**

0.556

0.492

0.402

Number of adults

0.155

0.317

0.199

0.311

0.173

0.280

0.063

0.304

0.094

0.219

  1. ME shows marginal effects
  2. *p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01