The association between screen use and central obesity among children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 5 Subgroup analysis for the comparison of WC in children and adolescents with high screen time versus those with low screen time

Group	No. of studies*	WMD (95% CI)			P_{within group}	P_{between group*}	P_{heterogeneity}	I², %
Total	6	1.227	0.342	2.112	0.007		0.003	72.5
Continent						< 0.001
America	3	0.400	− 0.776	1.577	0.505		0.055	65.6
Europe	2	2.117	1.352	2.883		< 0.001	0.372	0.0
Iran	1	1.750	0.666	2.834	0.002		–	–
Screen type						< 0.001
TV	1	− 0.200	− 1.401	1.001	0.744		–	–
PC	1	− 0.200	− 1.389	0.989	0.742		–	–
VG	1	1.600	0.406	2.794	0.009		–	–
TV + PC	1	2.500	1.363	3.637	< 0.001		–	–
TV + PC + VG	2	1.776	1.027	2.525	< 0.001		0.948	0.0
Setting						< 0.001
Community	1	2.500	1.363	3.637	0.036		–	–
School	5	0.975	0.063	1.886	< 0.001		0.012	68.8
Sample size						< 0.001
1000 >	3	0.400	− 0.776	1.577	0.505		0.055	65.6
≥ 1000	3	1.995	1.370	2.621	< 0.001		0.585	0.0

*All of the included studies had moderate quality and were performed among adolescents, therefore, subgrouping according to these variables was performed

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