Table 3 CKD associated factors in Beijing and Taiyuan
Parameters | Overall | Beijing | Taiyuan | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | |
Age (≥ 60 vs < 60 years) | 0.234 | 1.18 (0.90–1.55) | 0.138 | 1.32 (0.91–1.92) | 0.792 | 1.06 (0.69–1.61) |
Male vs female | 0.044 | 1.34 (1.01–1.78) | 0.121 | 1.36 (0.92–2.00) | 0.219 | 1.33 (0.84–2.11) |
Diabetes duration (years) | ||||||
< 5.0 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
5.0–9.9 | 0.341 | 1.20 (0.82–1.76) | 0.108 | 1.51 (0.91–2.50) | 0.542 | 0.82 (0.43–1.55) |
10.0–14.9 | 0.010 | 1.60 (1.12–2.28) | 0.122 | 1.47 (0.90–2.38) | 0.053 | 1.73 (0.99–3.00) |
≥ 15.0 | 0.000 | 2.43 (1.70–3.46) | 0.000 | 2.42 (1.51–3.87) | 0.025 | 1.94 (1.09–3.44) |
Education (below vs above high school) | 0.075 | 1.27 (0.98–1.66) | 0.686 | 1.08 (0.75–1.55) | 0.122 | 1.40 (0.92–2.13) |
BMI category | ||||||
Normal | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
Overweight | 0.990 | 1.00 (0.75–1.34) | 0.687 | 0.92 (0.61–1.38) | 0.948 | 1.02 (0.64–1.60) |
Obesity | 0.304 | 1.20 (0.85–1.68) | 0.508 | 1.17 (0.74–1.84) | 0.813 | 0.94 (0.53–1.64) |
HbA1c (%) | ||||||
< 7.0 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
7.0–8.9 | 0.051 | 1.45 (1.00–2.09) | 0.147 | 1.41 (0.89–2.24) | 0.109 | 1.72 (0.89–3.33) |
≥ 9.0 | 0.000 | 2.61 (1.81–3.77) | 0.000 | 2.33 (1.46–3.71) | 0.000 | 4.00 (2.07–7.72) |
BP ≥ 130/80 mmHg (yes vs no) | 0.026 | 1.38 (1.04–1.83) | 0.026 | 1.54 (1.05–2.25) | 0.259 | 1.30 (0.83–2.04) |
LDL-C ≥ 2.6 mmol/L (yes vs no) | 0.781 | 0.96 (0.74–1.25) | 0.256 | 0.81 (0.56–1.16) | 0.576 | 1.12 (0.75–1.69) |
TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L (yes vs no) | 0.037 | 1.32 (1.02–1.71) | 0.042 | 1.45 (1.01–2.08) | 0.089 | 1.43 (0.95–2.16) |
Hyperuricemia (yes vs no) | 0.000 | 1.72 (1.29–2.28) | 0.142 | 1.31 (0.91–1.88) | 0.000 | 2.47 (1.51–4.04) |
Current smoker (yes vs no) | 0.166 | 1.28 (0.90–1.80) | 0.621 | 1.11 (0.73–1.70) | 0.516 | 1.23 (0.66–2.27) |
Current drinker (yes vs no) | 0.445 | 0.86 (0.59–1.26) | 0.762 | 0.93 (0.59–1.47) | 0.499 | 0.79 (0.40–1.57) |
No regular exercise (yes vs no) | 0.000 | 2.32 (1.72–3.14) | 0.039 | 2.45 (1.05–5.75) | 0.112 | 1.37 (0.93–2.02) |
Hypertension (yes vs no) | 0.000 | 1.59 (1.23–2.06) | 0.017 | 1.53 (1.08–2.17) | 0.032 | 1.57 (1.04–2.37) |
Retinopathy (yes vs no) | 0.041 | 1.40 (1.01–1.92) | 0.500 | 1.20 (0.70–2.06) | 0.002 | 2.00 (1.30–3.07) |
DKD history (yes vs no) | 0.000 | 22.15 (14.72–33.31) | 0.000 | 14.24 (7.55–26.86) | 0.000 | 34.34 (19.78–59.62) |
A ratio: Carbohydrate (%) | ||||||
50–60 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
< 50 | 0.128 | 1.46 (0.90–2.36) | 0.589 | 1.18 (0.65–2.16) | 0.754 | 0.85 (0.32–2.29) |
> 60 | 0.527 | 1.17 (0.72–1.90) | 0.090 | 2.11 (0.89–4.98) | 0.705 | 1.14 (0.58–2.25) |
A ratio: Fat (%) | ||||||
27–35 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
< 27 | 0.115 | 0.69 (0.44–1.09) | 0.040 | 0.43 (0.19–0.96) | 0.651 | 0.87 (0.47–1.60) |
> 35 | 0.364 | 0.80 (0.50–1.29) | 0.602 | 0.85 (0.47–1.56) | 0.818 | 0.91 (0.41–2.04) |
A ratio: Protein (> 12% vs ≤ 12%) | 0.622 | 1.08 (0.80–1.44) | 0.869 | 0.97 (0.63–1.48) | 0.117 | 0.67 (0.40–1.11) |