Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants, based on the TyG index quartiles in pre-diabetes patients aged 35–70 years

Age (years)

51.61 ± 10.11

53.30 ± 8.67

53.81 ± 8.52

51.56 ± 9.35

0.030

Sex

 Men

75 (39.5)

71 (37.6)

75 (39.5)

88 (46.6)

0.297

 Women

115 (60.5)

118 (62.4)

115 (60.5)

101 (53.4)

Marital status

 Single

35 (18.4)

23 (12.2)

26 (13.7)

29 (15.3)

0.359

 Married

155 (81.6)

166 (87.8)

164 (86.3)

160 (84.7)

Education (year)

4.10 ± 3.90

3.25 ± 3.59

3.94 ± 3.79

3.78 ± 3.74

0.145

Socioeconomic status

 Low

84 (44.2)

69 (36.5)

73 (38.4)

84 (44.4)

0.571

 Moderate

34 (17.9)

35 (18.5)

37 (19.5)

37 (19.6)

 High

72 (37.9)

85 (45.0)

80 (42.1)

68 (36.0)

Body mass index (kg/m2)

24.96 ± 4.91

27.18 ± 5.48

27.85 ± 4.79

28.13 ± 4.66

< 0.001

 Waist circumference (cm)

91.31 ± 12.31

97.41 ± 12.94

99.08 ± 11.84

100.13 ± 12.43

< 0.001

 Hip circumference(cm)

98.37 ± 9.61

101.73 ± 10.29

102.00 ± 9.19

102.51 ± 9.05

< 0.001

Smoking

 Yes

41 (21.6)

45 (23.8)

42 (22.1)

45 (23.8)

0.934

 No

149 (78.4)

144 (76.2)

148 (77.9)

144 (76.2)

Glucose (mg/dL)

106.90 ± 8.61

109.88 ± 11.72

116.39 ± 26.22

128.76 ± 46.75

< 0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

177.07 ± 36.16

191.85 ± 36.76

206.20 ± 38.45

218.07 ± 50.45

< 0.001

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

58.88 ± 20.91

51.38 ± 14.10

50.85 ± 14.22

44.84 ± 13.63

< 0.001

LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

103.95 ± 31.09

118.55 ± 32.09

125.23 ± 33.62

116.02 ± 42.76

< 0.001

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

71.19 ± 14.91

109.59 ± 14.09

150.60 ± 23.77

286.05 ± 165.18

< 0.001

Dyslipidemia

 Yes

10 (5.3)

20 (10.6)

34 (17.9)

51 (27.0)

< 0.001

 No

180 (94.7)

169 (89.4)

156 (82.1)

138 (73.0)

Hypertension

 Yes

40 (21.1)

56 (29.6)

74 (38.9)

57 (30.2)

0.002

 No

150 (78.9)

133 (70.4)

116 (61.1)

132 (69.8)