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Table 1 General characteristics of study population according to tertiles of CSI

From: The association between cholesterol/saturated fat index (CSI) and quality of sleep, and circadian rhythm among overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study

Variables

CSI

Mean ± SD

P value*

P valueb

T1 (n = 126)

T2 (n = 126)

T3 (n = 126)

Age (years)

37.87 ± 8.95

37.34 ± 9.22

34.81 ± 9.19

0.018

0.473

Anthropometric measurements

     

  Weight (kg)

79.79 ± 10.58

80.12 ± 11.20

81.95 ± 12.10

0.265

0.868

  Height (cm)

160.68 ± 5.86

161.27 ± 5.86

161.64 ± 5.63

0.417

0.963

  WC (cm)

98.62 ± 9.09

98.73 ± 9.52

100.19 ± 10.09

0.348

0.791

  WHR

0.93 ± 0.04

0.93 ± 0.05

0.93 ± 0.05

0.555

0.787

  BMI (kg/m2)

30.95 ± 3.70

30.76 ± 3.77

31.33 ± 4.07

0.495

0.553

  BF (%)

42.03 ± 5.27

41.60 ± 4.95

42.48 ± 5.80

0.427

0.628

  FFM (kg)

46.06 ± 5.34

46.48 ± 5.48

46.53 ± 5.77

0.758

0.558

Blood pressure

     

  SBP (mmHg)

112.88 ± 13.58

111.01 ± 14.02

109.54 ± 12.71

0.280

0.708

  DBP (mmHg)

78.52 ± 9.84

77.66 ± 8.49

76.24 ± 10.63

0.314

0.646

Biochemical variables

     

  FBS (mg/dl)

87.98 ± 10.60

87.14 ± 9.70

86.41 ± 8.23

0.621

0.992

  TC (mg/dl)

184.75 ± 31.24

184.22 ± 39.71

181.56 ± 36.17

0.857

0.661

  TG (mg/dl)

123.69 ± 81.12

124.06 ± 70.69

113.43 ± 49.64

0.602

0.701

  HDL (mg/dl)

47.40 ± 10.41

46.42 ± 12.13

46.09 ± 8.42

0.732

0.874

  LDL (mg/dl)

95.08 ± 23.11

92.84 ± 25.15

95.16 ± 23.15

0.779

0.308

  GOT (u/l)

16.94 ± 6.28

18.06 ± 7.72

18.53 ± 8.12

0.393

0.447

  GPT (u/l)

18.39 ± 12.19

19.23 ± 13.33

19.72 ± 13.70

0.820

0.815

  Insulin (mIU/mL)

1.19 ± 0.23

1.22 ± 0.21

1.22 ± 0.23

0.684

0.580

  HOMA index

3.42 ± 1.40

3.17 ± 1.17

3.48 ± 1.27

0.269

0.422

  hs.CRP (mg/l)

4.58 ± 4.28

5.05 ± 4.75

5.56 ± 4.63

0.230

0.265

Socioeconomic status%(n)

   

0.103

0.009

  Poor

50.0 (10)

30.0 (6)

20.0 (4)

  

  Moderate

38.0 (41)

34.3 (37)

27.8 (30)

  

  Good

31.4 (59)

29.3 (55)

39.4 (74)

  

Education%(n)

   

0.031

0.009

  Under diploma

52.0 (26)

24.0 (12)

24.0 (12)

  

  Diploma

30.8 (36)

38.5 (45)

30.8 (36)

  

  University

30.3 (64)

32.7 (69)

37.0 (78)

  

Job%(n)

   

0.869

0.529

  Unemployed

33.6 (73)

34.1 (74)

32.3 (70)

  

  Employed

32.9 (53)

32.3 (52)

34.8 (56)

  

Marriage%(n)

   

0.155

0.275

  Married

34.8 (94)

34.8 (94)

30.4 (82)

  

  Single

29.6 (32)

29.6 (32)

40.7 (44)

  

Supplementation%(n)

   

0.138

0.142

  Yes

30.3 (47)

36.8 (57)

32.9 (51)

  

  No

38.2 (65)

27.1 (46)

34.7 (59)

  
  1. Significant values are in bold
  2. BF%—body fat percentage; BMI—body mass index; CSI—cholesterol to saturated fat index; DBP—diastolic blood pressure; FBS—fasting blood sugar; FFM—fat-free mass; GOT—Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase; GPT—glutamate pyruvate transaminase; HDL—high-density lipoprotein; HOMA—homeostatic model assessment; hs-CRP—high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; SD—standard deviation; SBP—systolic blood pressure; T—tertile; TC—total cholesterol; TG—triglyceride; WC—waist circumference; WHR—waist-hip ratio
  3. *Calculated by analysis of variance (ANOVA)
  4. P valueb: ANCOVA was performed to adjusted potential confounding factors (energy intake, physical activity, BMI)
  5. Chi-square was used for categorical variables
  6. P < 0.05 was considered significant
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Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition

ISSN: 2072-1315

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