Table 1 General characteristics of retrieved studies (presented in chronological order, starting with the most recent)

Amin [11]

2021/2016

Cross-sectional

All 31 provinces of Iran

> 18

28,321 (13,708/14,613)

37%, 23.2%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

5

Najafipour [12]

2021/phase 1:2009–2011/phase 2:2014–2018

Cross-sectional

Kerman/Kerman

15–80

Phase 1: 2820 (NM)

Phase 2: 9997 (NM)

Phase 1: 33.5%, 15.4%

Phase 2: 35.8%, 22.3%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

5

Sayadi [13]

2021/2019

Cross-sectional

Shiraz

40–70

7225 (3445/3780)

44.9%, 28.9%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

5

Mahdavi-Roshan [14]

2021/2014–2017

Cross-sectional

Guilan/Some’e Sara

35–70

10,520 (4887/5633)

39.9%, 32.7%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

5

Zokaei [15]

2021/NM

Cross-sectional

Alborz

≥ 30

2947 (707/2240)

51.7%, 35.4%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

5

Zoghi [16]

2021/2016–2018

Cross-sectional

Hormozgan

35–70

3917 (1691/2226)

78%, 46%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Siervo [17]

2021/NM

Cross-sectional

Fars

35–70

4296 (1925/2371)

35.8%, 17.2%

BMI > 25/BMI > 30.0

5

Amininezhad [18]

2021/NM

Cross-sectional

Bushehr

68.94 ± 6.21

1342 (115/1227)

42.6%, 26.4%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Azadi [19]

2021/NM

Cross-sectional

Southern Iran

40–75

874 (273/601)

46%, 25%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Alami [20]

2021/2019

Cross-sectional

Khorasan razavi/Gonabad and Bajestan

15–64

1106 (553/553)

31.4%, 12.4%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Mohammadi [21]

2021/2018–2019

Cross-sectional

Ardabil

9.61 ± 1.76

581 (286/295)

19.1%, 20.17%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

4

Hadianfard [22]

2021/2019

Cross-sectional

Yazd

2–16

510 (258/252)

Overweight and obesity: 40%

BMI ≥ 1SD

4

Nazari [23]

2021/NM

Cross-sectional

Lorestan

6–18

866 (419/447)

13%, 9.2%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

4

Taherifard [24]

2021/2018

Cross-sectional

Southern Iran

15–65

276 (114/162)

19%, 24%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

3

Jafari [25]

2021/2017

Cross-sectional

Yazd

≤ 1

602 (304/298)

7.3%, 3.5%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

4

Dastgheib [26]

2021/2016

Cross-sectional

Fars/Kharameh

40–70

8222 (3992/4226)

Overweight: 53.4%

BMI > 25.0

5

Entezarmahdi [27]

2021/2017

Cross-sectional

West Azerbaijan/NM

2–5

2432 (1228/1204)

Obesity: 1.4%

BMI > 2SD

4

Asoudeh [28]

2021/NM

Cross-sectional

Isfahan/Isfahan

36.8 ± 8.1

5219 (NM)

Obesity: 18.9%

BMI > 30.0

5

Najafi [29]

2020/2014–2017

Cross-sectional

14 Provinces in Iran

49.41 ± 9.18

129,257 (57,614/71,643)

40.76%, 30.43%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

5

Parvaresh [30]

2020/2014–2015

Cross-sectional

Kerman/Kerman

7–12

1017 (519/498)

13.7%, 14.3%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

5

Pourabdian [31]

2020/2013–2016

Cross-sectional

Isfahan

> 20

36,625 males

39.1%, 10.8%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

5

Djalalinia [32]

2020/2016

Cross-sectional

National

> 18

31,050 (NM)

59.3%, 22.7%

BMI > 25.0/BMI > 30.0

5

Taghdir [33]

2020/2004–2012

Cross-sectional

Fars/Shiraz

41.1 ± 10.6

11,850 females

41.4%, 24.1%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

5

Anjom‑Shoae [34]

2020/NM

Cross-sectional

Isfahan

18–55

8691 (3450/5241)

18.6%, NM

BMI > 25.0

5

Katibeh [35]

2020/2010–2011

Cross-sectional

Yazd

54.1 ± 10.0

2098 (1104/994)

41.8%, 26.7%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

5

Nabati [36]

2020/2017–2018

Cohort

South Caspian

> 18

1008 (606/402)

46.13%, 31.45%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Shayan-Moghadam [37]

2020/NM

Cross-sectional

Isfahan

12–18

3207 females

11.3%, 10.2%

1SD < BMI < 2SD/BMI > 2SD

4

Abbaspoor [38]

2020/2018

Cross-sectional

Khuzestan/Ahvaz

30–65

600 females

36.5%, 36.5%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Alamolhoda [39]

2020/2014

Cross-sectional

Fars/Shiraz

14–20

2538 (1286/1252)

10.2%, 5.1%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

4

Mozaffari‑Khosravi [40]

2020/2019

Cross-sectional

Yazd

12–16

569 (NM)

Overweight and obesity: 37.8%

BMI ≥ 1SD

4

Mardani [41]

2020/2017

Cross-sectional

Lorestan/Khorramabad

15–17

832 females

16.3%, 5.8%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

4

Momeni [42]

2020/2016

Cross-sectional

Kerman/Kerman

5–6

731 (376/355)

9.1%, 8%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

4

Eslami [43]

2020/2018

Cross-sectional

Tehran/Tehran

7–10

356 (191/165)

21.6%, 13.5%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

4

Golpour-Hamedani [44]

2020/NM

Cross-sectional

Isfahan/Isfahan

11–18

456 (189/267)

17.1%, 9%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

4

Mousapour [45]

2020/1999–2017

Cohort

Tehran/Tehran

> 19

10,045 (4480/5565)

4.5%

BMI > 35

5

Mirzaei [46]

2020/2011

Cross-sectional

Yazd/Yazd

20–69

8749 (4349/4400)

Obesity: 26.3%

BMI > 30.0

5

Kheradmand [47]

2019/2015–2017

Cross-sectional

Mazandaran/Sari

35–70

10,255 (4149/6106)

42.4%, 33.5%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

5

Emamian [48]

2019/2015

Cross-sectional

Semnan/Shahroud

9.7 ± 1.7

5586 (3011/2575)

15.1%, 9.6%

1SD < BMI < 2SD/BMI > 2SD

5

Abiri [49]

2019/2017–2018

Cross-sectional

Tehran/Tehran

14–17

2132 females

24.1%, 6.5%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

5

Eidkhani [50]

2019/phase 1: 1999–2005/phase 2: 2012–2014

Cohort

Tehran/Tehran

11–19

Phase 1: 2998 (1415/1583); Phase 2: 946 (477/496)

Phase 1: 10.9%, 13.3%

Phase 2: 15.1%, 2.4%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

6

Momeni [51]

2019/2017

Cross-sectional

Kerman/Kerman

40–60

450 (225/225)

42.8%, 21.3%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Yousefichaijan [52]

2019/NM

Cross-sectional

Markazi/Arak

≥ 5

994 (508/486)

13.2%, 10.5%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

4

Khodabakhshi [53]

2019/2014

Cross-sectional

Khorasn Jonobi/Birjand

60–86

400 (200/200)

49%, NM

BMI > 25.0

4

Jalali-Farahani [54]

2019/NM

Cross-sectional

Isfahan/Isfahan

12–18

584 (276/308)

18.5%, 11.8%

1SD < BMI < 2SD/BMI > 2SD

4

Hajian-Tilaki [55]

2019/NM

Cross-sectional

Mazandaran/Babol

42.8 ± 13.4

981 (443/538)

Overweight and obesity: 67.1%

BMI > 25.0

4

Karimi [56]

2019/2017

Cross-sectional

Markazi/Zarandieh

6.3 ± 1.1

572 (287/285)

15.5%, 9.9%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Zohal [57]

2019/2014–2017

Cross-sectional

Yazd

42.26 ± 13.03

149 (48/101)

44.3%, 30.9%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Mohammadi [58]

2019/2017

Cross-sectional

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari/Farsan

6–12

1189 (515/674)

Males: 9.9%, 8.5%

Females: 8.6%, 3.4%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

4

Karimy [56]

2019/2017

Cross-sectional

Markazi/Zarandieh

6–7

432 (214, 218)

Obesity: 12.2.%

BMI > 95th

3

Pouraram [59]

2018/2011–2015

Cross-sectional

All 31 provinces of Iran

14–60

32,770 (both sexes, not reported their numbers)

Adolescents: 15.9%, 6.9%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

5

Rezaei [60]

2018/2014–2016

Cross-sectional

Kermanshah/Ravansar

35–65

8822 (4199/4623)

43.4%, 27.6%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

5

Najafi [61]

2018/2014–2016

Cross-sectional

Kermanshah/Ravansar

35–65

10,086 (4786/5300)

26.7%

BMI > 30.0

6

Gandomkar [62]

2018/2012–2014

Cross-sectional

Fars/Valashahr

52.6 ± 9.7

9264 (4276/4988)

37.3%, 18.2%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

6

Ejtahed [63]

2018/2015

Cross-sectional

30 provinces of Iran

7–18

14,002 (7085/6917)

9.4%, 11.4%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

6

Tabrizi [64]

2018/2015

Cross-sectional

East Azerbaijan

15–65

2818 (1368/1450)

39.6%, 24%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

6

Ghaderian [65]

2018/2015

Cross-sectional

Khuzestan/Ahvaz

41.07 ± 13.52

2575 (1187/1388)

38.9%, 26.5%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

6

Kolahi [66]

2018/2011

Cross-sectional

All 31 provinces of Iran

> 20

12,000 (3879/5618)

34.5%, 21.5%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

5

Motlagh [67]

2018/2015–2016

Cross-sectional

Five ethnicities in the Islamic Republic of Iran: Arab, Kurdish, Sistani and Baluchi, Turkish and Turkmen

12–14

2444 (1271/1173)

15.3%, 9.2%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

5

Molani Gol [68]

2018/2017

Cross-sectional

East Azerbaijan/Tabriz

30–55

152 males

34.2%, 52.6%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Rashidi [69]

2018/phase 1: 2009; phase 2: 2014

Cohort

Khouzestan/Ahvaz

10–16

176 (100/76)

Phase 1: 7.4%, 14.8%

Phase 2: 10%, 4%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

4

Mohammad Beigi [70]

2018/2015

Cross-sectional

Qom/Qom

21 ± 2

301 (187/113)

21.3%

BMI > 30.0

4

Ardekani [71]

2018/2014–2016

Cross-sectional

Yazd/Yazd

20–70

8652 (4291/4361)

Obesity: 25.9%

BMI > 30.0

5

Maleki [72]

2019/NM

Cross-sectional

Lorestan/borujerd

≥ 35

801 (412, 389)

Obesity: 22.8%

BMI > 30.0

5

Ghanbari Ghozikali [73]

2017/2016

Cross-sectional

East Azerbaijan/Tabriz

15–18

1143 males

18.5%, 10.1%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

4

Kelishadi [74]

2017/2011–2012

Cross-sectional

30 provinces of Iran

6–18

36,529 (18,553/17,976)

11.5%, 8.3%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

6

Djalalinia [75]

2017/NM

Cross-sectional

30 provinces of Iran

6–18

21,876 (11,132/10,744)

13.1%, 6.5%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

6

Amani [76]

2017/2015

Cross-sectional

Kurdistan/7 cities

≥ 20

13,710 (both sexes, not reported their numbers)

19.3%

BMI > 25.0

6

Emamian [48]

2019/2005

Cross-sectional

31 provinces in Iran

15–64

87,240 (43,773, 43,467)

13.1%

BMI > 30.0

7

Jahromi [77]

2017/2014

Cross-sectional

Fars/Jahrom

31.04 ± 6.97

263 (53, 210)

Overweight: 19.3%

BMI: 25.0–30

4

Raeisi [78]

2017/NM

Cohort

Bushehr

67.9 ± 7.1

3000 (1455/1545)

Males: 57.7%, 14.7%

Females: 73.2%, 33.7%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

5

Saber [79]

2017/2010

Cross-sectional

Kerman/Kerman

15–75

988 (420/568)

36.6%, 18.1%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Hajian-Tilaki [80]

2017/2012

Cross-sectional

Mazandaran/Babol

20–70

986 (446/540)

38%, 29.1%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Mirshekar [81]

2017/2016

Cross-sectional

Sistan and Baluchestan/Zabol

7–11

3443 (1748/1695)

10.9%, 4.5%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

5

Abbasalizad Farhangi [82]

2017/NM

Cross-sectional

East Azarbayjan

60–94

248 (110/138)

50%

BMI > 25.0

4

Ghobadi [83]

2017/2015–2016

Cross-sectional

Fars/Shiraz

6–10

607 (276/331)

9.1%, 8.4%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

4

Doostan [84]

2017/2012

Cross-sectional

Kerman/Kerman

2–6

1154 (597/557)

2.4%, 4.5%

1SD < BMI < 2SD/BMI > 2SD

4

Nikooyeh [85]

2017/2013

Cross-sectional

Six provinces of Iran

5–18

667 (322/345)

6.7%, 4.1%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

4

Doustmohamadian [86]

2016/1999

Cross-sectional

Tehran/Tehran

≥ 30

8804 (3974/4830)

70.9%, 26.6%

BMI > 25.0/BMI > 30.0

5

Gandomkar [87]

2016/2012–2014

Cross-sectional

Fars/Valashahr

40–75

9264 (4276/4988)

37.3%, 18.1%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

6

Javedan [88]

2016/2015

Cross-sectional

Tehran/Tehran

5–7

17,487 (8888/8599)

19.9%, 6.8%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

6

Jalali-Farahani [89]

2016/2008–2010

Cross-sectional

Tehran/Tehran

≥ 20

2747 (1146/1601)

61.6%

BMI > 25.0

5

Hassanzadeh-Rostami [90]

2016/2012–2013

Cross-sectional

Fars/Shiraz

2–6.9

8821 (4618/4203)

5.7%, 5.2%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

6

Badeli [91]

2016/2013–2015

Cross-sectional

Guilan/Rasht

7–17

2062 (1153/909)

13.3%, 3.5%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

5

Zarrati [92]

2016/2011–2012

Cross-sectional

Tehran/Tehran

11–14

1184 (559, 625)

22%, 5.3%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

5

Veghari [93]

2016/2013

Cross-sectional

Golestan

≤ 5

2487 (1280/1207)

5.2%, 3.5%

1SD < BMI < 2SD/BMI > 2SD

5

Nikniaz [94]

2016/2013

Cross-sectional

East Azerbaijan/Tabriz

18–65

500 females

20.2%, 24.6%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Keykhaei [95]

2016/2012

Cross-sectional

Sistan and Baluchistan/Zahedan

7–11

585 (293/292)

11.7%, 22%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

4

Bakhshi [96]

2016/2000–2011

Cohort

All 31 provinces of Iran

> 20

2000: 27,869 (12,690/15,179); 2007: 26,716 (13,194/13,522); 2009: 20,917 (10,083/10,834); 2011: 8425 (3551/4874)

2000: 12.3%; 2007: 20.7%; 2009: 20.2%;

2011: 22.2%

BMI > 30.0

6

Bahrani [97]

2016/NM

Cross-sectional

Fars/Shiraz

16.3 ± 1.0

538 (289/249)

18%, 6.7%

1SD < BMI < 2SD/BMI > 2SD

4

Pourghasem [98]

2016/2016

Cross-sectional

Mazandaran/Babol

6–18

1158 (653/505)

8%, 2.2%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Baygi [99]

2016/2015

Cross-sectional

Iranian male seafarers of NITC

36.0 ± 10.3

234 males

42.5%, 8.6%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Jamalikandazi [100]

2016/NM

Cross-sectional

Ilam/Ilam

16–18

360 females

10.8%, 5%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

4

Heidari-Bakavoli [101]

2015/started in 2010

Cohort

Khorasan/Mashhad

35–65

9765 (3907/5866)

42.8%, 30.9%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

6

Hovsepian [102]

2015/2011–2012

Cross-sectional

30 provinces of Iran

6–18

13,486 (6846/6640)

9.6%, 11.8%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

6

Esmaili [103]

2015/2011–2012

Cross-sectional

30 provinces of Iran

6–18

13,486 (6943/6543)

9.6%, 11.8%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

6

Kelishadi [104]

2015/2011–2012

Cross-sectional

31 provinces of Iran

6–18

23,043 (11,706/11,337)

13%, 6.6%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

7

Ghadimi [105]

2015/2012

Cross-sectional

Mazandaran/Babol

7–11

3649 (1780/1869)

11.7%, 14.3%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

6

Heshmat [106]

2015/2009–2010

Cross-sectional

27 provinces of Iran

10–18

5570 (2786/2784)

80%, 8.7%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

6

Soheilipour [107]

2015/2012

Cross-sectional

Sistan and Baluchestan/Zahedan

6–13

3582 (1796/1796)

11.8%, 92.9%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

5

Kalani [108]

2015/NM

Cross-sectional

Yazd/Yazd

≥ 18

1130 (456/674)

36.1%, 26.1%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Abdollahi [109]

2015/2008

Cross-sectional

Tehran/Pakdasht

NM

1178 females

37.3%, 20.3%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Shojaei [110]

2015/2015

Cross-sectional

Fars/Jahrom

> 30

892 (405/487)

85.7%, 34.7%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Barzin [111]

2015/1999–2011

Cohort

Tehran/Tehran

≥ 20

1999–2001: 10,368 (4397/5971); 2009–2011: 6217 (2573/3644)

1999–2001: 23.1%; 2009–2011: 34.1%

BMI > 30.0

5

Bagheri Lankarani [112]

2015/2010–2011

Cross-sectional

Fars/Shiraz

18–88

777 (326/451)

39.6%, 18.7%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Vaziri-Esfarjani [113]

2015/2009

Cross-sectional

Khouzestan/Ahvaz

7–11

960 (480/480)

11.9%, 6%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

4

Alimoradi [114]

2015/NM

Cross-sectional

Qazvin/Qazvin

10–18

318 (162, 156)

15.7%, 4.7%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

4

Ghiyas Tabari [115]

2015/2015

Cross-sectional

Sistan and Baluchestan/Chabahar

28.310 ± 9.11

120 females

15%, 7.5%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Kelishadi [116]

2015/NM

Cross-sectional

27 provinces in Iran

10–18

5625 (2824/2801)

80%, 8.9%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

5

Kelishadi [117]

2014/2009

Cross-sectional

31 provinces of Iran

6

955,388 (492,025/463,363)

10.9%, 3.4%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

7

Heidari [118]

2014/2010

Cross-sectional

Isfahan/Isfahan

12–14

12,946 (2415/10,531)

17.1%, 22.1%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

6

Tabesh [119]

2014/2012–2013

Cross-sectional

Khuzestan/Ahvaz

7–11

5811 (2904/2907)

Males: 23.6%, 6.05%

Females: 19.3%, 4.5%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

5

Ataie-Jafari [120]

2014/2009–2010

Cross-sectional

27 provinces of Iran

10–18

4641 (2326/2315)

10.9%, 11.8%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

5

Rahmanian [121]

2014/2009–2010

Cross-sectional

27 provinces of Iran

10–18

5088 (2556/2532)

9.1%, 7.55

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

5

Jafari [122]

2014/2009–2010

Cross-sectional

Isfahan/Isfahan

9–15

4691 (2347/2344)

10.4%, 5.7%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

5

Shafaghi [123]

2014/2010–2011

Cross-sectional

Khorasan Razavi/Mashhad

13.1 ± 1.03

1189 (579/610)

17.2%, 11.9%

1SD < BMI < 2SD/BMI > 2SD

5

Hatami [124]

2014/2009–2010

Cross-sectional

Tehran/Tehran

10–18

1157 (NM)

Overweight and obesity: 19.8%

BMI ≥ 1 SD

4

Jalali-Farahani [125]

2014/NM

Cross-sectional

Tehran/Tehran

14–17

465 (238/227)

Overweight and obesity: 38.4%

BMI ≥ 1 SD

4

Heidari-Beni [126]

2014/2013

Cross-sectional

Isfahan/Isfahan

11–13

205 females

Overweight and obesity: 50.7%

BMI ≥ 1 SD

4

Nouri Saeidlou [127]

2014/2011

Cross-sectional

West Azerbaijan, Kermanshah, Isfahan

< 5

West Azerbaijan: 902 (447, 455);

Kermanshah: 829 (406, 423); Isfahan: 794 (400, 394)

West Azerbaijan: 5.1%, 1.3%; Kermanshah: 4.5%, 0.7%; Isfahan: 3.6%, 0.1%

1SD < BMI < 2SD/BMI > 2SD

5

Farzaneh [128]

2014/2013

Cross-sectional

Mazandaran/Amol

14–15

381 (148, 233)

16.6%, 6.6%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Asgari [129]

2013/2009

Cross-sectional

All 31 provinces of Iran

≥ 20

20,917 (10,083/10,834)

20.2%

BMI > 30.0

6

Yarahmadi [130]

2013/2010–2011

Cross-sectional

6 provinces' capital cities (Isfahan, Karaj, Mashad, Shiraz, Tabriz, and Tehran)

≥ 30

439,406 (175,762, 263,644)

27%, 20%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

7

Naderi Beni [131]

2013/2010

Cross-sectional

Isfahan/Chadegan

≤ 5

403 (NM)

2.2%

BMI > 2 SD

4

Veghari [132]

2013/2010

Cross-sectional

Golestan

15–65

2994 (1499/1495)

31.7%, 22.7%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

5

Khashayar [133]

2013/2009–2010

Cross-sectional

All 31 provinces of Iran

10–18

5738 (2863/2875)

Overweight and obesity: 17.7%

BMI ≥ 1 SD

5

Basiratnia [134]

2013/2010–2011

Cross-sectional

Fars/Shiraz

13.85 ± 1.69

2000 (953, 1047)

13%, 7%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

5

Ghavamzadeh [135]

2013/2008–2009

Cross-sectional

West Azerbaijan/Urmia

11–20

2498 (NM)

Overweight and obesity: 14.1%

BMI ≥ 1 SD

5

Damirchi [136]

2013/2012

Cross-sectional

Guilan/Rasht

18–69

400 (200, 200)

52%, 23.5%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Koushki [137]

2013/2012

Cross-sectional

Khorasan Razavi/Neyshabur

30–50

381 females

45.5%, 30.4%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Taheri [138]

2013/2012

Cross-sectional

South Khorasan/Birjand

6–11

1541 (690, 851)

9.5%, 9.2%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

5

Khoshandam Sarvynehbaghi [139]

2013/2010

Cross-sectional

Mazandaran/NM

20–66

400 males

47.2%, 24.8%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Bahreini [140]

2013/2010

Cross-sectional

Isfahan/Isfahan

11–18

3002 (1377/1652)

5.6%, 3.5%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

5

Dalili [141]

2013/NM

Cross-sectional

Guilan/Rasht

12

752 (493, 259)

15%, 16.5%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

4

Hajian-Tilaki [142]

2013/2012

Cross-sectional

Mazandaran/Babol

2–5

760 (375, 385)

11.8%, 15%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

5

Hatami [143]

2013/2009–2010

Cross-sectional

Tehran/Tehran

12–18

739 (339/400)

13.9%, 6.6%

1SD < BMI < 2SD/BMI > 2SD

4

Salehi-Abargouei [144]

2013/NM

Cross-sectional

Isfahan/Isfahan

6–12

635 (159, 476)

Obesity: 17.6%

BMI > 95th

4

Loukzadeh [145]

2013/2012

Cross-sectional

Yazd/NM

36 ± 8.8

152 males

48%, 15.1%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Agha-Alinejad [146]

2013/NM

Cross-sectional

Tehran/Tehran

5–6

381

7.1%, 12%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

4

Jafari [147]

2012/NM

Cross-sectional

Golestan/NM

40–75

50,045 (21,219, 28,826)

33.9%, 25.4%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

6

Mohebbi [148]

2012/2007–2010

Cross-sectional

Professional long-distance drivers

20–67

12,138 males

41.4%, 21.3%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

6

Poorolajal [149]

2012/2005–2009

Cross-sectional

Hamadan/Hamadan

15–64

6500 (3250, 3250)

32.1%, 15.1%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

6

Barzigar [150]

2012/2009

Cross-sectional

Guilan/14 cities

15–89

2283 (1062, 1221)

65.5%

BMI > 25.0

6

Heidari [151]

2012/2006–2008

Cross-sectional

Tehran/Tehran

41.0 ± 7

1041 females

45.8%, 35.7%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

5

Doustmohammadian [152]

2012/2001–2003

Cross-sectional

31 provinces of Iran

11–19

7908 (4158, 3750)

7.3%, 3.3%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

6

Shirani [153]

2012/2007

Cross-sectional

Isfahan/Isfahan

15–64

1000 (500, 500)

60.8%

BMI > 25.0

5

Gharakhanlou [154]

2012/NM

Cross-sectional

Tabriz/7 big cities

15–74

2179 (991, 1188)

Males: 39.4%, 10.2%

Females: 34.4%, 18.6%

BMI > 25.0/BMI > 30.0

6

Hajian-Tilaki [155]

2012/2008

Cross-sectional

Mazandaran/Babol

12–17

1199 (600/599)

15%, 8.3%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

5

Esmaeilzadeh [156]

2012/NM

Cross-sectional

Ardabil/Ardabil

7–11

766 males

14.1%, 4.1%

BMI 25.0–29.9/BMI > 30.0

4

Vafa [157]

2012/2008

Cross-sectional

Tehran/Tehran

7

511 (235, 276)

8%, 11.7%

BMI: 85th–95th, BMI > 95th

4

Mirhosseini [158]

2012/2007

Cross-sectional

Khorasan Razavi/Mashhad

15–18

477 females

14.6%, 3.4%

1SD < BMI < 2SD/BMI > 2SD

4

Mehrkash [159]

2012/NM

Cross-sectional

Golestan/

15–18

450 (225/225)

Overweight: 10.5%

BMI: 85th–95th

4

Najafipour [160]

2012/2009–2011

Cross-sectional

Kerman/Kerman

15–75

5900 (2662/3238)

Obesity: 17.7%

BMI > 30.0

5