Table2 Serum 25(OH)D3 levels of the participants with different food intake amount (n = 1,667)
Food items | N(%) | 25(OH)D3(ng/mL)1 | P value2 |
|---|---|---|---|
Refined rice, steamed | |||
 < 200 g/d | 568 (34.1) | 16.3 (13.0–20.8) | 0.006 |
 ≥ 200 g/d | 1099 (65.9) | 17.3 (13.8–21.7) | |
Refined rice, porridge | |||
 < 50 g/d | 1010 (60.6) | 17.0 (13.5–21.4) | 0.24 |
 ≥ 50 g/d | 657 (39.4) | 17.3 (13.6–21.5) | |
Refined wheat products | |||
 < 50 g/d | 707 (42.4) | 17.1 (13.4–21.3) | 0.58 |
 ≥ 50 g/d | 960 (57.6) | 17.0 (13.6–21.6) | |
Desserts | |||
 < 25 g/d | 926 (55.5) | 17.4 (13.6–22.0) | 0.19 |
 ≥ 25 g/d | 741 (44.5) | 16.7 (13.5–21.1) | |
Whole grains | |||
 < 25 g/d | 1072 (64.3) | 17.0 (13.5–21.1) | 0.048 |
 ≥ 25 g/d | 595 (35.7) | 17.4 (13.6–22.3) | |
Tubers | |||
 < 25 g/d | 942 (56.5) | 17.0 (13.6–21.2) | 0.62 |
 ≥ 25 g/d | 725 (43.5) | 17.3 (13.5–21.7) | |
Milk and yogurt | |||
 < 200 mL/d | 800 (48.0) | 16.5 (13.0–20.9) | 0.001 |
 ≥ 200 mL/d | 867 (52.0) | 17.4 (13.8–22.0) | |
Eggs | |||
 < 50 g/d | 1080 (64.8) | 16.7 (13.3–21.2) | 0.01 |
 ≥ 50 g/d | 587 (35.2) | 17.6 (14.0–22.0) | |
Livestock meat | |||
 < 100 g/d | 820 (49.2) | 16.9 (13.5–21.4) | 0.29 |
 ≥ 100 g/d | 847 (50.8) | 17.1 (13.6–21.5) | |
Poultry meat | |||
 < 50 g/d | 823 (49.4) | 17.0 (13.6–21.2) | 0.62 |
 ≥ 50 g/d | 844 (50.6) | 17.1 (13.5–21.7) | |
River fish, shrimp and crab | |||
 < 25 g/d | 1151 (69.0) | 16.8 (13.4–21.2) | 0.03 |
 ≥ 25 g/d | 516 (31.0) | 17.5 (13.9–22.2) | |
Sea fish, shrimp and crab | |||
 < 25 g/d | 1347 (80.8) | 17.0 (13.5–21.2) | 0.34 |
 ≥ 25 g/d | 320 (19.2) | 17.1 (13.9–22.0) | |
Soybeans and Soy products | |||
 < 25 g/d | 877 (52.6) | 16.8 (13.2–21.1) | 0.06 |
 ≥ 25 g/d | 790 (47.4) | 17.3 (13.8–21.7) | |
Nuts and seeds | |||
 < 10 g/d | 1004 (60.2) | 17.1 (13.6–21.1) | 0.60 |
 ≥ 10 g/d | 663 (39.8) | 16.9 (13.4–22.0) | |
Dark vegetables | |||
 < 100 g/d | 881 (52.8) | 16.8 (13.6–21.1) | 0.08 |
 ≥ 100 g/d | 786 (47.2) | 17.5 (13.5–22.0) | |
Light color vegetables | |||
 < 50 g/d | 710 (42.6) | 16.8 (13.5–21.1) | 0.17 |
 ≥ 50 g/d | 957 (57.4) | 17.3 (13.6–21.8) | |
Mushrooms | |||
 < 25 g/d | 1053 (63.2) | 17.0 (13.6–21.3) | 0.69 |
 ≥ 25 g/d | 614 (36.8) | 17.2 (13.5–21.7) | |
Fruits | |||
 < 100 g/d | 832 (49.9) | 17.0 (13.4–21.2) | 0.18 |
 ≥ 100 g/d | 835 (50.1) | 17.1 (13.6–21.6) | |
Puffed foods | |||
 < 25 g/d | 1269 (76.1) | 17.3 (13.7–21.5) | 0.08 |
 ≥ 25 g/d | 398 (23.9) | 16.5 (13.0–21.2) | |
Candy | |||
 < 10 g/d | 926 (55.5) | 17.5 (13.7–22.0) | 0.007 |
 ≥ 10 g/d | 741 (44.5) | 16.4 (13.2–21.0) | |
Sugary drinks | |||
 < 100 mL/d | 910 (54.6) | 17.4 (13.7–21.4) | 0.12 |
 ≥ 100 mL/d | 757 (45.4) | 16.5 (13.3–21.6) | |
Took calcium or vitamin D supplements within 3Â months | |||
Yes | 132 (7.9) | 18.8 (15.2–23.3) | 0.005 |
No | 1535 (92.1) | 17.0 (13.5–21.4) | |