Diet, physical activity, and UV protection comprehensively influenced vitamin D status in college students: a cross-section study from China

Table 5 Association of diet, physical activity and UV protection on serum 25(OH)D₃ levels (n = 1667)

Variables	β value	Standard β value	P value
Milk and yogurt intake
< 200 mL/d	Ref	Ref	Ref
≥ 200 mL/d	0.05	0.08	0.001
Candy intake
< 10 g/d	Ref	Ref	Ref
≥ 10 g/d	− 0.04	− 0.06	0.01
Taken calcium or vitamin D supplements within 3 months
No	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes	0.07	0.05	0.02
Total hours of vigorous physical activity per week
< 1 h/day	Ref	Ref	Ref
1 ~ < 2 h/day	− 0.009	− 0.01	0.63
≥ 2 h/day	0.01	0.02	0.60
Average time of outdoor activity per day
< 0.5 h/day	Ref	Ref	Ref
0.5 ~ < 1 h/day	0.01	0.02	0.50
≥ 1 h/day	0.07	0.10	< 0.001
UV protection index	− 0.006	− 0.06	0.02

Multivariate linear regression analysis model was used, adjusted for age, gender, students’ original residence, latitudes, longitude and BMI categories

ISSN: 2072-1315