Table 1 High-EFF beverage intake frequency, demographic, lifestyle and other characteristics of the general US adults, categorized by presence of allergic symptoms and allergic sensitization or not
Variables | Total | Allergic symptoms | Allergic sensitization | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 97,395,162 | Yes | No | p Value | Yes | No | p Value | |
n = 2077 | n = 988 | n = 1089 | n = 971 | n = 1106 | |||
Sum of high-EFF beverage | 0.374 | 0.080 | |||||
Low | 483 (30.3) | 244 (31.8) | 239 (28.8) | 185 (27.2) | 298 (32.8) | ||
Medium | 235 (11.7) | 121 (12.4) | 114 (10.9) | 105 (10.6) | 130 (12.6) | ||
High | 1359 (58.0) | 623 (55.8) | 736 (60.3) | 681 (62.2) | 678 (54.6) | ||
Apple juice | 0.034 | 0.518 | |||||
Low | 1619 (83.8) | 792 (86.1) | 827 (81.2) | 743 (82.4) | 876 (84.8) | ||
Medium | 326 (12.3) | 141 (10.7) | 185 (14.1) | 158 (13.5) | 168 (11.3) | ||
High | 132 (3.9) | 55 (3.3) | 77 (4.7) | 70 (4.1) | 62 (3.8) | ||
Fruit drink | 0.098 | 0.556 | |||||
Low | 1390 (71.9) | 678 (73.7) | 712 (69.9) | 635 (70.8) | 755 (72.8) | ||
Medium | 391 (16.3) | 171 (16.3) | 220 (16.3) | 186 (17.0) | 205 (15.8) | ||
High | 296 (11.7) | 139 (9.9) | 157 (13.7) | 150 (12.2) | 146 (11.4) | ||
Soft drink | 0.110 | 0.001 | |||||
Low | 739 (42.3) | 366 (42.6) | 373 (41.9) | 290 (37.3) | 449 (46.2) | ||
Medium | 279 (12.1) | 144 (13.7) | 135 (10.4) | 139 (12.4) | 140 (11.9) | ||
High | 1059 (45.6) | 478 (43.7) | 581 (47.7) | 542 (50.3) | 517 (41.9) | ||
Age, years | 46.7 ± 0.8 | 46.2 ± 0.9 | 47.2 ± 1.4 | 0.570 | 44.3 ± 0.7 | 48.6 ± 1.0 | < 0.001 |
20–64 | 1619 (82.7) | 773 (83.7) | 846 (81.6) | 0.371 | 800 (86.3) | 819 (79.8) | 0.004 |
≥ 65 | 458 (17.3) | 215 (16.3) | 243 (18.4) | 171 (13.7) | 287 (20.2) | ||
Gender | 0.040 | < 0.001 | |||||
Male | 952 (47.4) | 418 (44.4) | 534 (50.7) | 476 (52.2) | 476 (43.5) | ||
Female | 1125 (52.6) | 570 (55.6) | 555 (49.3) | 495 (47.8) | 630 (56.5) | ||
Race | 0.009 | < 0.001 | |||||
Non-Hispanic White | 1058 (73.0) | 567 (77.1) | 491 (68.6) | 435 (67.0) | 623 (77.9) | ||
] panic Black | 503 (12.5) | 218 (10.5) | 285 (14.7) | 265 (15.1) | 238 (10.5) | ||
Mexican American | 379 (6.9) | 144 (5.5) | 235 (8.5) | 192 (7.9) | 187 (6.1) | ||
Other Hispanic | 61 (2.4) | 25 (2.0) | 36 (2.8) | 33 (2.9) | 28 (1.9) | ||
Others | 76 (5.1) | 34 (4.8) | 42 (5.5) | 46 (7.1) | 30 (3.6) | ||
Poverty income ratio | 0.587 | 0.001 | |||||
Not poor (> 1) | 1668 (89.1) | 811 (89.7) | 857 (88.5) | 767 (87.0) | 901 (90.8) | ||
Poor (≤ 1) | 328 (10.9) | 142 (10.3) | 186 (11.5) | 167 (13.0) | 161 (9.2) | ||
Missing | 81 | 35 | 46 | 37 | 44 | ||
BMI, kg/m2 | 0.929 | 0.502 | |||||
Underweight (< 18.5) | 36 (1.6) | 17 (1.4) | 19 (1.7) | 17 (1.3) | 19 (1.8) | ||
Normal (18.5–24.9) | 565 (31.4) | 262 (30.9) | 303 (31.9) | 254 (30.7) | 311 (31.9) | ||
Overweight (25–29.9) | 701 (33.2) | 342 (33.2) | 359 (33.2) | 329 (34.5) | 372 (32.1) | ||
Obese (≥ 30) | 755 (33.9) | 359 (34.6) | 396 (33.2) | 359 (33.5) | 396 (34.2) | ||
Missing | 20 | 8 | 12 | 12 | 8 | ||
Smoking | 0.238 | 0.002 | |||||
Never | 1142 (52.8) | 517 (50.4) | 625 (55.4) | 580 (57.9) | 562 (48.6) | ||
Former | 502 (23.6) | 260 (25.7) | 242 (21.3) | 202 (20.0) | 300 (26.4) | ||
Current | 433 (23.6) | 211 (23.9) | 222 (23.3) | 189 (22.1) | 244 (24.9) | ||
Excessive alcohol consumption | 53 (3.5) | 28 (3.7) | 25 (3.3) | 0.739 | 28 (4.0) | 25 (3.1) | 0.324 |
Physical activity MET-min/week | 0.202 | 0.373 | |||||
Ideal (≥ 500) | 846 (66.8) | 425 (70.1) | 421 (63.0) | 406 (65.2) | 440 (68.2) | ||
Not ideal (0 to < 500) | 482 (33.2) | 230 (29.9) | 252 (37.0) | 229 (34.8) | 253 (31.8) | ||
Missing | 749 | 333 | 416 | 336 | 413 | ||
Energy intake (kcal/day) | 2214.7 ± 37.2 | 2194.9 ± 50.6 | 2236.7 ± 45.4 | 0.505 | 2256.7 ± 58.9 | 2181.3 ± 35.6 | 0.216 |
Comorbidities/medical history | |||||||
Hyperlipidemia | 996 (46.3) | 492 (50.4) | 504 (41.9) | 0.138 | 455 (49.5) | 541 (43.9) | 0.002 |
With family history of asthma | 446 (21.5) | 262 (25.0) | 184 (17.6) | 0.009 | 233 (23.4) | 213 (20.0) | 0.147 |
With asthma history | 269 (12.7) | 192 (18.7) | 77 (6.1) | < 0.001 | 182 (18.1) | 87 (8.5) | < 0.001 |
With current asthma | 165 (7.3) | 129 (11.3) | 36 (3.0) | < 0.001 | 112 (11.2) | 53 (4.2) | < 0.001 |
Mildew or musty smell in home | 320 (15.7) | 176 (18.0) | 144 (13.0) | 0.062 | 150 (15.2) | 170 (16.0) | 0.695 |
Pet ownership past year | 942 (54.6) | 502 (61.5) | 440 (46.9) | < 0.001 | 428 (52.9) | 514 (56.0) | 0.153 |