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Table 2 Odds ratios for muscle strength in total subjects

From: Analysis of the association between osteoporosis and muscle strength in Korean adults: a national cross-sectional study

Subgroups

LMS

 

NMS

 

Model 1

[OR (95% CI)]

Model 2

[OR (95% CI)]

Model 3

[OR (95% CI)]

Model 4

[OR (95% CI)]

Model 5

[OR (95% CI)]

 

% (SE)

Unweighted N

% (SE)

Unweighted N

Total

         

 Non-osteoporosis

84.4 (0.7)

3,369

95.8 (0.1)

21,300

1

1

1

1

1

 Osteoporosis

15.6 (0.7)

766

4.2 (0.1)

1,420

4.236

(3.788–4.738)

1.684

(1.500–1.890)

1.559

(1.380–1.761)

1.539

(1.359–1.743)

1.338

(1.176–1.524)

< 65 years

         

 Non-osteoporosis

95.5 (0.6)

1,513

97.9 (0.1)

18,005

1

1

1

1

1

 Osteoporosis

4.5 (0.6)

90

2.1 (0.1)

530

2.148

(1.637–2.818)

1.921

1.444–2.555)

1.685

(1.259–2.255)

1.647

(1.227–2.211)

1.399

(1.038–1.885)

≥ 65 years

         

 Non-osteoporosis

72.6 (1.0)

1,856

79.8 (0.7)

3,295

1

1

1

1

1

 Osteoporosis

27.4 (1.0)

676

20.2 (0.7)

890

1.486

(1.301–1.696)

1.334

(1.153–1.544)

1.458

(1.244–1.708)

1.404

(1.195–1.648)

1.314

(1.105–1.563)

  1. LMS, low muscle strength; NMS, normal muscle strength; SE, standard error
  2. Odds ratios with adjustments using logistic regression models
  3. Model 1: unadjusted; Model 2: adjusted for age; Model 3: adjusted for age and sex; Model 4: adjusted for age, sex, and BMI; Model 5: adjusted for age, sex, household income, educational level, BMI, smoking, heavy alcohol drinking, hypertension, diabetes, physical activity, and eGFR