Table 3 Odds ratios for muscle strength in total subjects according to age and BMI

Total

 BMI < 18.5 kg/m²

  Non-osteoporosis

86.7 (2.4)

197

97.4 (0.5)

745

1

1

1

1

  Osteoporosis

13.3 (2.4)

40

2.6 (0.5)

35

5.697

(3.217–10.090)

1.872

(1.043–3.359)

2.532

(1.351–4.743)

2.414

(1.242–4.689)

 18.5 kg/m² ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m²

 Non-osteoporosis

84.5 (0.8)

2,130

95.6 (0.2)

13,007

1

1

1

1

  Osteoporosis

15.5 (0.8)

469

4.4 (0.2)

908

3.962

(3.434–4.572)

1.549

(1.330–1.803)

1.497

(1.275–1.758)

1.309

(1.099–1.558)

 BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²

  Non-osteoporosis

84.2 (1.2)

1,021

96.1 (0.2)

7,524

1

1

1

1

  Osteoporosis

15.8 (1.2)

244

3.9 (0.2)

474

4.613

(3.793–5.610)

1.771

(1.444–2.172)

1.518

(1.225–1.880)

1.311

(1.045–1.646)

< 65 years

 BMI < 18.5 kg/m²

  Non-osteoporosis

94.3 (1.7)

111

98.4 (0.5)

703

1

1

1

1

  Osteoporosis

5.7 (1.7)

9

1.6 (0.5)

17

3.687

(1.540–8.825)

3.481

(1.287–9.418)

4.353

(1.581–11.985)

4.076

(1.610–10.319)

 18.5 kg/m² ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m²

  Non-osteoporosis

95.4 (0.8)

970

97.6 (0.1)

11,113

1

1

1

1

  Osteoporosis

4.6 (0.8)

54

2.4 (0.1)

363

1.987

(1.384–2.851)

1.660

(1.133–2.434)

1.524

(1.033–2.247)

1.356

(0.914–2.011)

 BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²

  Non-osteoporosis

96.3 (0.8)

430

98.3 (0.2)

6,171

1

1

1

1

  Osteoporosis

3.7 (0.8)

26

1.7 (0.2)

149

2.160

(1.316–3.546)

1.940

(1.156–3.254)

1.528

(0.899–2.599)

1.130

(0.636–2.007)

≥ 65 years

 BMI < 18.5 kg/m²

  Non-osteoporosis

72.8 (4.5)

86

73.6 (5.0)

42

1

1

1

1

  Osteoporosis

27.2 (4.5)

31

26.4 (5.0)

18

1.042

(0.512–2.119)

1.052

(0.494–2.240)

1.304

(0.540–3.153)

1.024

(0.351–2.986)

 18.5 kg/m² ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m²

  Non-osteoporosis

72.7 (1.3)

1,160

78.8 (0.9)

1,894

1

1

1

1

  Osteoporosis

27.3 (1.3)

415

21.2 (0.9)

545

1.401

(1.175–1.669)

1.312

(1.088–1.582)

1.476

(1.198–1.820)

1.404

(1.116–1.767)

 BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²

  Non-osteoporosis

72.9 (1.9)

591

81.4 (1.1)

1,353

1

1

1

1

  Osteoporosis

27.1 (1.9)

218

18.6 (1.1)

325

1.624

(1.289–2.046)

1.371

(1.072–1.754)

1.350

(1.035–1.759)

1.208

(0.922–1.583)