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Table 4 Odds ratios for muscle strength in total subjects according to age and renal function

From: Analysis of the association between osteoporosis and muscle strength in Korean adults: a national cross-sectional study

Subgroups

LMS

 

NMS

 

Model 1

[OR (95% CI)]

Model 2

[OR (95% CI)]

Model 3

[OR (95% CI)]

Model 4

[OR (95% CI)]

Model 5

[OR (95% CI)]

 

% (SE)

Unweighted N

% (SE)

Unweighted N

     

Total

         

 CKD Stages 1–2

         

  Non-osteoporosis

85.4 (0.7)

2,863

96.0 (0.1)

20,349

1

1

1

1

1

  Osteoporosis

14.6 (0.7)

626

4.0 (0.1)

1,282

4.157

(3.674–4.703)

1.770

(1.560–2.007)

1.630

(1.427–1.862)

1.608

(1.405–1.842)

1.402

(1.224–1.606)

 CKD Stages 3a-5

         

  Non-osteoporosis

79.1 (2.3)

323

85.0 (1.6)

461

1

1

1

1

1

  Osteoporosis

20.9 (2.3)

78

15.0 (1.6)

89

1.495

(1.026–2.179)

1.055

(0.707–1.574)

1.024

(0.658–1.596)

0.984

(0.629–1.539)

0.943

(0.596–1.491)

< 65 years

         

 CKD Stages 1–2

         

  Non-osteoporosis

95.6 (0.6)

1,449

97.9 (0.1)

17,512

1

1

1

1

1

  Osteoporosis

4.4 (0.6)

85

2.1 (0.1)

513

2.127

(1.606–2.818)

1.910

(1.424–2.561)

1.674

(1.240–2.259)

1.634

(1.206–2.212)

1.350

(1.000–1.824)

 CKD Stages 3a-5

         

  Non-osteoporosis

86.0 (2.6)

17

96.4 (1.7)

124

1

1

1

1

1

  Osteoporosis

14.0 (2.6)

2

3.6 (1.7)

5

4.434

(1.570–12.522)

4.357

(1.540–12.326)

3.572

(1.213–10.519)

3.651

(1.220–10.924)

2.340

(0.694–7.891)

≥ 65 years

         

 CKD Stages 1–2

         

  Non-osteoporosis

71.9 (1.2)

1,414

79.7 (0.8)

2,837

1

1

1

1

1

  Osteoporosis

28.1 (1.2)

541

20.3 (0.8)

769

1.532

(1.322–1.776)

1.357

(1.153–1.596)

1.496

(1.254–1.786)

1.446

(1.210–1.729)

1.405

(1.164–1.697)

 CKD Stages 3a-5

         

  Non-osteoporosis

78.6 (2.4)

306

79.9 (2.1)

337

1

1

1

1

1

  Osteoporosis

21.4 (2.4)

76

20.1 (2.1)

84

1.085

(0.743–1.586)

0.977

(0.660–1.445)

0.991

(0.635–1.547)

0.934

(0.597–1.461)

0.876

(0.562–1.365)

  1. LMS, low muscle strength; NMS, normal muscle strength; SE, standard error
  2. Odds ratios with adjustments using logistic regression models
  3. Model 1: unadjusted; Model 2: adjusted for age; Model 3: adjusted for age and sex; Model 4: adjusted for age, sex and BMI; Model 5: adjusted for age, sex, household income, educational level, BMI, smoking, heavy alcohol drinking, hypertension, diabetes, and physical activity