Table 4 Association of stunting, thinness and anemia with predictor variables (multivariate logistic regression)

Age, in years (< 13 yrs = 1, ≥ 13 yrs = 0)

0.43 (0.32–0.57)*

0.39 (0.26–0.59)*

0.46 (0.31–0.68)*

2.41 (1.72–2.66)

1.97 (1.19–3.26)

2.83 (1.77–4.53)

1.26 (1.01–1.57)

1.25 (0.89–1.74)

1.31 (0.96–1.78)

Can read and write (Can = 0, cannot = 1)

2.82 (1.39–5.70)*

1.87 (0.69–5.02)

4.39 (1.51–12.70)*

0.77 (0.22–2.66)

1.30 (0.27–6.26)

0.33 (0.40–0.73)*

0.78 (0.37–1.62)

0.47 (1.53–1.48)

1.00 (0.55–4.62)

Socioeconomic status (1st quintile = 0)

 2nd Quintile

1.05 (0.71–1.56)

1.58 (0.89–2.81)

0.81 (0.46–1.42)

1.38 (0.79–2.41)

1.60 (0.69–3.73)

0.90 (0.44–1.86)

1.15 (0.82–1.62)

0.69 (0.41–1.50)

1.87 (1.16–3.00)*

 3rd Quintile

1.45 (0.97–2.18)

1.78 (0.97–3.26)

1.43 (0.82–2.49)

1.70 (0.93–3.11)

2.03 (0.87–4.73)

1.06 (0.50–2.26)

1.35 (0.91–2.01)

1.13 (0.67–1.91)

1.66 (1.006–2.70)*

 4th Quintile

0.80 (0.50–1.29)

1.09 (0.55–2.18)

0.66 (0.34–1.27)

1.02 (0.66–1.57)

2.02 (0.78–4.19)

1.66 (0.74–3.73)

1.35 (0.91–2.01)

1.07 (0.60–1.90)

1.71 (0.97–3.01)

 5th quintile

0.93 (0.56–1.56)

1.15 (0.53–2.46)

0.95 (0.47–1.93)

1.01 (0.72–1.42)

1.42 (0.48–4.19)

0.87 (0.33–2.24)

1.81 (1.17–2.80)*

1.52 (0.80–2.87)

2.30 (1.24–4.24)*

Watched television (Watched = 0, did not = 1)

0.91 (0.66–1.27)

1.03 (0.54–1.66)

1.16 (0.73–1.84)

1.02 (0.66–1.57)

1.08 (0.57–2.04)

0.97 (0.54–1.75)

1.54 (1.16–2.05)

1.69 (1.12–2.56)*

1.41 (0.95–2.11)

Drunk safe water (drink = 0, did not = 0)

1.02 (0.79–1.32)

1.11 (0.76–1.63)

0.84 (0.59–1.20)

1.01 (0.66–1.57)

1.09 (0.65–1.84)

1.002 (0.63–1.75)

1.13 (0.90–1.40)

1.12 (0.81–1.56)

1.17 (0.86–1.58)

Used sanitary latrine (used Sanitary latrine = 0; did not = 1)

0.73 (0.38–1.40)

1.48 (0.55–4.00)

1.24 (0.52–2.99)

2.38 (1.11–5.08)

3.45 (1.07–11.07)

1.79 (0.63–5.05)

0.74 (0.39–1.40)

0.30 (0.09–0.95)*

1.22 (0.86–1.58)

Used soap after defecation (used soap = 0; did not = 1)

1.51 (1.12–2.04)*

2.03 (1.33–3.08)*

1.15 (0.74–1.78)

0.90 (0.60–1.38)

1.01 (0.56–1.83)

0.90 (0.51–1.59)

0.96 (0.74–1.26)

0.85 (0.57–1.26)

1.22 (0.54–2.77)

Used soap before eating (used soap = 0; did not = 1)

0.89 (0.66–1.19)

1.19 (0.79–1.79)

1.17 (0.76–1.80)

1.38 (0.92–2.05)

1.50 (0.84–2.67)

1.28 (0.73–2.25)

1.18 (0.92–1.26)

1.08 (0.77–1.53)

1.12 (0.76–1.64)

Wore sandal before going to toilet (wore sandal = 0; did not = 1)

0.94 (0.49–1.78)

0.80 (0.30–2.11)

1.36 (0.56–3.32)

1.54 (0.74–3.20)

1.61 (0.57–4.56)

1.68 (0.58–4.86)

1.14 (0.66–1.92)

1.84 (0.85–3.96)

1.29 (0.90–1.85)

Received deworming tablet (received = 0; did not = 1)

1.07 (0.83–1.37)

0.76 (0.52–1.09)

1.09 (0.76–1.55)

0.88 (0.63–1.24)

0.64 (0.39–1.07)

1.14 (0.71–1.81)

1.33 (1.07–1.64)*

1.36 (0.99–1.86)

0.53 (0.22–1.27)

Protein intake (< 43.42 g = 1, ≥ 43.42 g = 0)

1.14 (0.81–1.61)

1.41 (0.90–2.21)

0.73 (0.48–1.09)

1.21 (0.77–1.90)

1.06 (0.51–2.19)

1.34 (0.75–2.41)

0.90 (0.67–1.20)

1.09 (0.68–1.73)

0.53 (0.22–1.27)

Iron intake (< 7.03 g = 1; ≥ 7.03 g = 0)

1.33 (0.99–1.79)

1.56 (1.008–2.43)*

1.27 (0.85–1.89)

0.94 (0.63–1.39)

1.24 (0.67–2.28)

0.77 (0.45–1.31)

1.15 (0.89–1.48)

1.47 (1.002–2.16)*

1.33 (0.18–1.81)

Energy intake (< 1351 kcal = 1, ≥ 1351 = 0)

0.76 (0.55–1.05)

1.34 (0.84–2.16)

1.29 (0.81–2.03)

1.34 (0.88–2.05)

1.34 (0.71–2.53)

1.46 (0.81–2.62)

0.91 (0.69–1.20)

0.83 (0.55–1.25)

0.70 (0.48–1.04)

Received iron tablet (Yes = 1, Did not = 0)

–

–

–

–

–

–

1.49 (0.72–3.09)

2.09 (0.92–4.73)

Stunting (HAZ <  − 2.00 SD = 1, HAZ ≥  − 2.00 SD = 0)

–

–

–

1.73 (1.20–2.50)*

1.20 (0.69–2.09)

2.32 (1.41–3.81)*

1.10 (0.86–1.42)

1.04 (0.72–1.40)

1.14 (0.80–1.63)

Anemia (Hb < 12 g/dl = 0,Hb ≥ 12 g/dl = 0)

1.10 (0.86–1.42)

1.04 (0.72–1.50)

1.14 (0.80–1.62)

1.23 (0.88–1.71)

1.12 (0.68–1.84)

1.34 (0.85–2.10)

–

–

Thinness (BMIZ < 2SD = 1, BMIZ ≥ 2SD = 0)

1.76 (1.22–2.53)*

1.25 (0.73–2.19)

2.36 (1.44–3.85)*

–

–

–

–