Table 2 General and anthropometric characteristics of participants across the tertiles DPI
DPI tertiles | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Total | T1 | T2 | T3 | P value* | ||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
Weight (kg) | 72.74 | 5.09 | 72.05 | 14.84 | 72.63 | 14.49 | 73.54 | 14.61 | 0.01 >  |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.00 | 5.09 | 26.81 | 5.21 | 26.84 | 4.98 | 27.35 | 5.06 | 0.01 >  |
MET_min/week | 901.16 | 905.16 | 908.59 | 898.30 | 895.66 | 887.64 | 899.16 | 929.33 | 0.87 |
Age [n (%)] | 0.02 | ||||||||
 20–29 years | 1584 (21.5) | 565 (22.9) | 533 (21.7) | 488 (19.81) |  | ||||
 30–39 years | 1598 (21.6) | 572 (23.2) | 506 (20.6) | 520 (21.1) | |||||
 40–49 years | 1586 (21.5) | 541 (21.9) | 551 (22.5) | 494 (920) | |||||
 50–59 years | 1402 (19) | 488 (19.3 ( | 467 (19) | 447 (18.1) | |||||
 60–69 years | 1215 (16.4) | 431 (17.5) | 395 (15.6) | 389 (15.8) | |||||
Marriage [n (%)] | 0.49 | ||||||||
 Single | 856 (11.6) | 258 (11.3) | 301 (11.9) | 270 (10.7) |  | ||||
 Married | 6264 (85.1) | 2096 (83) | 2072 (82.1) | 2096 (83) | |||||
 Widowed or divorced | 240 (3.3) | 76 (3) | 75 (3) | 89 (3.05) | |||||
Smoking [n (%)] | 0.41 | ||||||||
 Never smoker | 113 (1.6) | 2107 (83.5) | 2103 (83.3) | 2118 (83.9) |  | ||||
 Current smoker | 6238 (78.8) | 271 (10.7) | 260 (10.3) | 235 (9.3) | |||||
 Ex_smoker | 766 (10.6) | 37 (1.5) | 33 (1.3) | 43 (1.7) | |||||
Multi-vitamin supplement [n (%)] | 0.05 | ||||||||
 Never | 6.407 (86.1) | 2122 (85.4) | 2159 (88) | 2126 (85) |  | ||||
 1–3 mount | 482 (6.5) | 187 (7.5) | 132 (5.4) | 163 (6.5) | |||||
Once a week | 171 (2.3) | 55 (2.2) | 54 (2.2) | 62 (2.5) | |||||
 2–4/week | 36 (0.5) | 13 (0.5) | 10 (0.4) | 13 (0.5) | |||||
 5–6/week | 38 (0.5) | 13 (0.5) | 9 (0.4) | 16 (0.6) | |||||
 Once a day | 209 (2.8) | 57 (2.3) | 64 (2.6) | 88 (3.5) | |||||
 Two a day | 87 (1.2) | 35 (1.4) | 24 (1) | 28 (1.1) | |||||
 More than two a day | 8 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 4 (0.2) | |||||
Gender [n (%)] | 0.53 | ||||||||
 Men | 3672 (49.7) | 1212 (49.1) | 1242 (50.6) | 1219 (49.5) |  | ||||
 Women | 3711 (50.3) | 1258 (50.9) | 12,119 (49.4) | 1242 (50.4) | |||||
Job [n (%)] | 0.72 | ||||||||
 Unemployed | 1415 (19.5) | 462 (19) | 496 (20.6) | 457 (19) |  | ||||
 Government employee | 3537 (48.8) | 1183 (48.7) | 1169 (48.5) | 1185 (49.20) | |||||
 Manual worker | 247 (3.4) | 90 (3.7) | 79 (3.3) | 78 (3.2) | |||||
 Freelance job | 2046 (28.2) | 693 (28.5) | 665 (27.6) | 688 (28.6) | |||||
Education [n (%)] | 0.10 | ||||||||
 Illiterate | 1776 (24.1) | 610 (24.8) | 593 (24.3) | 573 (23.3) |  | ||||
 Middle school | 2095 (28.5) | 717 (29.2) | 708 (29) | 670 (27.2) | |||||
 Associate’s degree | 2289 (31.1) | 761 (30.9) | 739 (30.3) | 789 (32.1) | |||||
 Bachelor’s degree | 995 (13.5) | 319 (13) | 332 (13.6) | 344 (14) | |||||
 Master’s degree and doctor | 205 (2.8) | 52 (2.1) | 68 (2.8) | 85 (3.5) | |||||
Special diet [n (%)] | 0.01 >  | ||||||||
 Yes | 1081 (17.30) | 415 (24.48) | 280 (13.92) | 386 (18.93) |  | ||||
 No | 5164 (82.69) | 1280 (75.51) | 1731 (86.07) | 1653 (81.06) | |||||
History of chronic disease [n (%)] | 0.01 >  | ||||||||
 Yes | 4290 (56.6) | 1042 (41.3) | 1085 (43) | 1157 (45.8) |  | ||||
 No | 3284 (43.4) | 14.82 (58.7) | 1440 (57) | 1368 (54.2) | |||||