Vegetarian diets and risk of all-cause mortality in a population-based prospective study in the United States

Table 2 Risk of all-cause mortality by vegetarian diet groups

	Omnivore	Pesco-vegetarian	Lacto- and/or ovo-vegetarian	Vegan	P-difference
The number of deaths	39,547	67	88	61	–
Minimally adjusted HRs (95% CI) for the four diet groups	Reference	0.67 (0.53–0.85)	0.88 (0.72–1.09)	1.28 (0.99–1.64)	0.001
Fully-adjusted HR (95% CI) for the four diet groups	Reference	0.81 (0.64–1.03)	0.99 (0.81–1.22)	1.27 (0.99–1.63)	0.09
Minimally adjusted HRs (95% CI) for vegetarians vs non-vegetarians	Reference		1.01 (0.86–1.19)		0.90
Fully-adjusted HR (95% CI) for vegetarians vs non-vegetarians	Reference		1.09 (0.93–1.28)		0.31

Minimally adjusted models include age (continuous), sex (male or female), study center location, trial arm (control vs intervention as part of original PLCO trial) and fully-adjusted models also includes smoking status (never, former or current), pack-years of smoking (never smokers, ≤ 10, 10–20 or ≥ 20 pack-years of smoking), alcohol consumption (non-drinkers, moderate or high drinkers), non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity and educational attainment (high school or less, some college, or college or higher), BMI (according to the World Health Organization; underweight, normal weight, overweight or obesity) category and history of comorbidity any one of stroke, heart attack, hypertension and/or diabetes, or none) at baseline

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