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Table 1 Characteristics of the study population

From: Blood manganese and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a high manganese exposure area in China

  

Female

  

Male

 
 

Non-NAFLD

NAFLD

P-value

Non-NAFLD

NAFLD

P-value

N

836

161

 

938

1246

 

Age (years)

44.7 ± 10.9

45.1 ± 12.0

0.77

42.7 ± 10.3

42.7 ± 10.0

0.98

Born in Zhoushan

238 (82.6)

126 (80.8)

0.97

580 (63.4)

856 (69.9)

0.001

High school or above

259 (89.9)

127 (80.4)

0.005

851 (91.8)

1130 (91.4)

0.71

Smoke

  

0.4

  

 < 0.001

 Never smoker

44 (16.2)

32 (21.8)

 

440 (49.3)

489 (40.6)

 

 Ex-smoker

169 (62.4)

89 (60.5)

 

88 (9.9)

145 (12.1)

 

Current smoker

58 (21.4)

26 (17.7)

 

364 (40.8)

569 (47.3)

 

Drinkers

25 (8.6)

36 (22.4)

 < 0.001

311 (33.2)

671 (53.9)

 < 0.001

METs

816.8

1039.5

0.15

1039.5

1039.5

0.07

METs-min/week

(346.5–1260.0)

(346.5–1386.0)

 

(519.8–1386.0)

(383.3–1386.0)

 

ALT (U/L)

15.0 (11.0– 19.0)

24.0 (17.0–35.0)

 < 0.001

21.0 (16.0–29.0)

36.0 (26.0–53.5)

 < 0.001

AST (U/L)

20.0 (18.0–24.0)

23.0 (20.0–29.5)

 < 0.001

23.0 (20.0–27.0)

27.0 (23.0–34.0)

 < 0.001

TC (mmol/L)

5.1 ± 1.0

5.4 ± 1.1

 < 0.001

5.0 ± 0.9

5.3 ± 1.0

 < 0.001

TG (mmol/L)

0.9 (0.7– 1.2)

1.6 (1.2–2.1)

 < 0.001

1.3 (0.9–1.7)

2.0 (1.4–2.8)

 < 0.001

HDL (mmol/L)

1.6 ± 0.3

1.3 ± 0.2

 < 0.001

1.3 ± 0.3

1.2 ± 0.2

 < 0.001

LDL (mmol/L)

2.7 ± 0.7

3.1 ± 0.7

 < 0.001

2.8 ± 0.7

3.0 ± 0.7

 < 0.001

GGT (mmol/L)

15.0 (12.0–20.0)

23.0 (18.0–39.5)

 < 0.001

25.0 (19.0–37.0)

44.0 (31.0–68.0)

 < 0.001

FBG (mmol/L)

5.0 ± 0.5

5.4 ± 1.4

 < 0.001

5.1 ± 1.0

5.4 ± 1.3

 < 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

119.4 ± 16.1

129.7 ± 19.9

 < 0.001

125.9 ± 15.9

132.0 ± 15.7

 < 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

71.4 ± 10.5

77.1 ± 11.6

 < 0.001

77.4 ± 10.8

82.4 ± 11.6

 < 0.001

Diabetes

5 (0.6)

8 (5.5)

 < 0.001

42 (4.5)

108 (8.7)

 < 0.001

Hyperlipidemia

20 (2.5)

29 (20.4)

 < 0.001

319 (34.0)

885 (71.0)

 < 0.001

Hypertension

27 (3.4)

21 (14.3)

 < 0.001

710 (76.3)

734 (59.3)

 < 0.001

Manganese (μg/L)

14.7 ± 6.4

16.1 ± 6.2

0.022

13.6 ± 6.8

14.5 ± 6.3

 < 0.001

  1. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median (p25-p75), or n (%)
  2. NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; MET, Metabolic equivalents; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; FBG, fasting blood glucose; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure
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Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition

ISSN: 2072-1315

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