Table 2 List of top 10 risk factors for major cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality globally
From: Hand grip strength as a proposed new vital sign of health: a narrative review of evidences
Rank | CVD overall PAF (95% CI) | Mortality overall PAF (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
1 | Hypertension: 22.3 (17.4–27.2) | Low Education: 12.5 (10.7–14.3) |
2 | High non-HDL Cholesterol: 8.1 (3.1–31.2) | Tobacco Use: 11.3 (8.1–14.5) |
3 | Household air pollution: 6.1 (4.5–7.6) | Low Hand Grip Strength: 11.6 (7.3–16.0) |
4 | Tobacco use: 6.1 (4.5–7.6) | Poor diet: 11.1 (7.7–14.6) |
5 | Poor diet: 6.1 (2.8–8.8) | Hypertension: 8.8 (7.6–9.9) |
6 | Low education: 5.8 (2.8–8.8) | Household air pollution: 6.6 (4.7–8.5) |
7 | Abdominal obesity: 5.7 (1.7–9.8) | Diabetes: 5.5 (4.2–6.8) |
8 | Diabetes: 5.2 (2.9–7.4) | Abdominal obesity: 2.8 (1.3–4.3) |
9 | Low hand grip strength: 3.3 (0.9–5.7) | Depression: 2.2 (1.4–3.0) |
10 | Low physical activity: 1.5 (0.3–2.7) | Low physical activity: 2.2 (1.0–3.3) |