Table 2 Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality according to serum 25(OH)D concentration in individuals with prehypertension^†

All-cause mortality

Categorical serum 25(OH)D concentration

 Severe deficiency

18 (9.0)

0.87 (0.41–1.88)

2.58 (1.31–5.05)

2.83 (1.46–5.52)

 Moderate deficiency

82 (6.6)

0.63 (0.38–1.04)

1.11 (0.68–1.82)

1.17 (0.74–1.86)

 Insufficient

122 (7.2)

0.80 (0.50–1.26)

1.30 (0.89–1.88)

1.36 (0.93–1.98)

 Sufficient

113 (9.4)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

Continuous serum 25(OH)D concentration, per 10 nmol/L increase

1.04 (0.98–1.10)

0.92 (0.86–0.98)

0.91 (0.85–0.97)

CVD mortality

Categorical serum 25(OH)D

 Severe deficiency

6 (3.0)

0.49 (0.09–2.63)

3.10 (0.87–11.05)

4.14 (1.10–15.51)

 Moderate deficiency

18 (1.5)

0.49 (0.13–0.82)

1.22 (0.44–3.39)

1.23 (0.46–3.28)

 Insufficient

34 (2.0)

0.78 (0.25–2.49)

1.53 (0.83–2.80)

1.73 (0.96–3.14)

 Sufficient

30 (2.5)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

Continuous serum 25(OH)D, per 10 nmol/L increase

1.07 (0.94–1.21)

0.87 (0.76–0.98)

0.86 (0.76–0.98)