Table 1 General characteristics of study participants across quartiles (Q) of HEI-2015 (mean values and SD)

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

P value†

n

 103

 103

 111

 95

Age (years)

14.57 ± 1.6

15.05 ± 1.4

15.23 ± 1.5

14.42 ± 1.7

0.54

BMI(kg/m²)

22.78 ± 4.7

23.30 ± 5.5

23.73 ± 4.6

21.59 ± 4.1

0.01

Economic status (%)

Low

40

18.9

26.7

14.4

Middle

22.7

25.8

23.6

27.9

0.01

High

16.1

29

35.5

19.4

Physical activity (%)

Low

44.8

31

13.8

10.3

Moderate

27.5

27.2

25.9

19.4

0.01

High

3.2

11.1

38.1

47.6

Family size (≤ 4) (%)

26

21.9

20.5

31.5

0.21

Breakfast (%)

Yes

8.0%

17.7%

35.0%

39.2%

0.01

No

48.0%

34.9%

16.0%

1.1%

Dietary supplement use (%)

Yes

3.9%

10.0%

41.7%

44.4%

0.01

No

41.4%

36.6%

15.5%

6.5%