Table 1 Characteristics of study participants (N = 35,756)
From: Association between obesity and new-onset heart failure among patients with hypertension in Thailand
Characteristics | Total | BMI < 25 kg/m2 | BMI \(\geq\) 25 kg/m2 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
Total N | 35,756 | 18,901 (52.9) | 16,855 (47.1) | Â |
Sex |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Women | 21,950 (61.4) | 10,974 (58.1) | 10,976 (65.1) |  |
 Men | 13,806 (38.6) | 7927 (41.9) | 5879 (34.9) |  |
Age, years |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Mean (SD) | 64.5 (11.8) | 67.8 (11.5) | 60.9 (11.0) |  |
 Median (Q1–Q3) | 64.0 (56.0–73.0) | 68.0 (60.0–76.0) | 61.0 (53.0–68.0) |  |
Regions |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 North | 9736 (27.2) | 5402 (28.6) | 4334 (25.7) |  |
 Central | 10,057 (28.1) | 5007 (26.5) | 5050 (30.0) |  |
 Northeast | 9877 (27.6) | 5285 (28.0) | 4592 (27.2) |  |
 South | 6086 (17.0) | 3207 (17.0) | 2879 (17.1) |  |
Location of outpatient clinics |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Regional Hospital | 2305 (6.5) | 1073 (5.7) | 1232 (7.3) |  |
 General Hospital | 5747 (16.1) | 2842 (15.0) | 2905 (17.2) |  |
 Community Hospital | 25,019 (70.0) | 13,769 (72.9) | 11,250 (66.8) |  |
 Private Hospital | 435 (1.2) | 199 (1.1) | 236 (1.4) |  |
 Others | 2250 (6.3) | 1018 (5.4) | 1232 (7.3) |  |
Health insurance scheme |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Universal health coverage | 26,459 (74.0) | 14,250 (75.4) | 12,209 (72.4) |  |
 Civil servant medical benefit | 7107 (19.9) | 3770 (20.0) | 3337 (19.8) |  |
 Social security | 1581 (4.4) | 561 (3.0) | 1020 (6.1) |  |
 Others | 609 (1.7) | 320 (1.7) | 289 (1.7) |  |
Smoking status |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Never | 29,048 (83.2) | 14,966 (80.9) | 14,082 (85.8) |  |
 Ever smoker | 5868 (16.8) | 3531 (19.1) | 2337 (14.2) |  |
Alcohol use |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Never | 4118 (11.7) | 2394 (12.8) | 1724 (10.4) |  |
 Ever alcohol use | 31,226 (88.4) | 16,324 (87.2) | 14,902 (89.6) |  |
Type 2 diabetes |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 No | 30,269 (84.7) | 16,433 (86.9) | 13,836 (82.1) |  |
 Yes | 5487 (15.4) | 2468 (13.1) | 3019 (17.9) |  |
History of ischemic heart disease |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 No | 34,536 (96.6) | 18,169 (96.1) | 16,367 (97.1) |  |
 Yes | 1220 (3.4) | 732 (3.9) | 488 (2.9) |  |
History of dyslipidemia |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 No | 13,291 (37.2) | 7654 (40.5) | 5637 (33.4) |  |
 Yes | 22,465 (62.8) | 11,247 (59.5) | 11,218 (66.6) |  |
History of renal insufficiency |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 No | 31,088 (86.9) | 15,863 (83.9) | 15,225 (90.3) |  |
 Yes | 4668 (13.1) | 3038 (16.1) | 1630 (9.7) |  |
History of ACEI/ARB use |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 No | 14,008 (39.2) | 8123 (43.0) | 5885 (34.9) |  |
 Yes | 21,748 (60.8) | 10,778 (57.0) | 10,970 (65.1) |  |
BP control for the latest two consecutive visits |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 No | 17,671 (50.0) | 8913 (47.8) | 8758 (52.5) |  |
 Yes | 17,663 (50.0) | 9749 (52.2) | 7914 (47.5) |  |
Body mass index (kg/m2) |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Mean (SD) | 25.1 (4.7) | 21.7 (2.4) | 28.9 (3.5) |  |
 Meadina (Q1–Q3) | 24.7 (22.0–27.8) | 22.0 (20.1–23.6) | 28.0 (26.4–30.4) |  |