Food insecurity is associated with low diet quality and unhealthy cooking and eating habits in Iranian women

Table 2 Consumption of food groups (g/day) in different food insecurity levels^1,2

	Secure (n = 81)	Mild insecure (n = 77)	Moderate/severe insecure (n = 32)	P value³
Grains	391.7 ± 175.5	426.6 ± 128.4	433.0 ± 134.1	0.022
Legumes	40.0 ± 27.7	35.2 ± 31.2	34.6 ± 26.3	0.186
Red meat	21.9 ± 20.8	13.0 ± 12.3	6.4 ± 7.5	< 0.001
Poultry	5.6 ± 7.6	3.0 ± 3.7	1.7 ± 2.9	0.001
Fish	14.5 ± 18.8	2.9 ± 3.3	0.93 ± 1.9	< 0.001
Processed meats	12.8 ± 19.6	36.8 ± 36.2	60.0 ± 43.2	< 0.001
Eggs	27.2 ± 16.2	26.1 ± 13.5	30.4 ± 16.0	0.321
Dairy	294.8 ± 180.3	193.6 ± 115.0	169.1 ± 98.2	< 0.001
Fruits	440.0 ± 222.4	268.2 ± 226.3	119.2 ± 115.0	< 0.001
Non-starchy vegetables	404.8 ± 158.6	316.3 ± 141.2	294.6 ± 87.1	< 0.001
Potato	30.8 ± 23.9	36.8 ± 19.6	41.8 ± 21.7	0.018
Nuts	7.4 ± 9.9	5.3 ± 9.6	3.8 ± 6.2	0.001
Sugary foods⁴	116.0 ± 168.0	140.2 ± 87.7	166.0 ± 75.6	< 0.001

¹ Scores of food security are as follows: food secure (0–1), mild food-insecure (2–8), moderate/severe food-insecure (9–27). ² Data are presented as means ± SD. ³P value was determined by one-way analysis of variance. ⁴ sugary foods included sugar-sweetened beverages, cakes, biscuits, cookies, confections, candies, ice cream, etc.

ISSN: 2072-1315