Food insecurity is associated with low diet quality and unhealthy cooking and eating habits in Iranian women

Table 3 Daily nutrient intakes in different food security levels^1,2

	Secure (n = 81)	Mild insecure (n = 77)	Moderate/severe insecure (n = 32)	P value³
Energy (kcal)	2197 ± 537	2156 ± 540	2231 ± 488	0.785
Carbohydrate (g)	348.9 ± 93.2	316.8 ± 80.3	299.0 ± 54.6	0.039
Protein (g)	65.4 ± 16.3	61.1 ± 13.9	63.3 ± 15.7	0.298
Fat (g)	60.0 ± 20.2	71.6 ± 33.7	86.9 ± 34.8	0.002
Cholesterol (g)	199.5 ± 78.8	200.2 ± 83.6	240.0 ± 99.1	0.077
Fiber (g)	27.0 ± 8.9	20.2 ± 7.9	16.9 ± 5.1	< 0.001
Vitamin A (µg RE)	707.4 ± 405.9	516.6 ± 300.3	418.5 ± 276.0	< 0.001
Vitamin C (mg)	319.6 ± 149.5	196.8 ± 123.2	149.7 ± 90.7	< 0.001
Folic acid (µg)	328.9 ± 117.8	239.8 ± 95.9	221.5 ± 84.6	< 0.001
Vitamin B₁₂ (µg)	5.1 ± 4.8	3.9 ± 3.5	5.5 ± 6.5	0.017
Sodium (mg)	747 ± 343	1162 ± 742	1411 ± 843	0.001
Potassium (mg)	4148 ± 1391	3054 ± 1130	2735 ± 809	< 0.001
Calcium (mg)	745.7 ± 269.6	582.5 ± 172.5	575.0 ± 190.0	< 0.001
Magnesium (mg)	278.9 ± 75.3	224.2 ± 62.4	212.5 ± 53.5	< 0.001
Iron (mg)	15.1 ± 4.2	14.3 ± 3.6	14.3 ± 3.1	0.730
Zinc (mg)	6.9 ± 1.8	6.3 ± 1.9	6.8 ± 1.9	0.176

¹ Scores of food security are as follows: food secure (0–1), mild food-insecure (2–8), moderate/severe food-insecure (9–27). ² Data are presented as means ± SD. ³ P value was determined by one-way analysis of variance

ISSN: 2072-1315