Table 5 Mediation analysis testing the indirect effects of health motivation on psychological health indicators via self-rumination

Constant

4.84*** (.47)

1.16** (.41)

1.32*** (.34)

1.45*** (.34)

4.21*** (.54)

4.53*** (.60)

3.76*** (.52)

Health FCM

.02 (.06)

.06 (.04)

.03 (.03)

.03 (.03)

 − .02 (.05)

.03 (.06)

.04 (.05)

Self-rumination

.39*** (.05)

.26*** (.04)

.38*** (.04)

 − .48*** (.06)

 − .64*** (.07)

 − .49*** (.06)

Moral FCM

 − .03 (.06)

 − .03 (.04)

.02 (.04)

 − .02 (.04)

.04 (.06)

.04 (.07)

.06 (.06)

Age

 − .17*** (.05)

 − .07 (.04)

 − .11*** (.03)

 − .09** (.03)

 − .01 (.05)

 − .09 (.05)

.07 (.05)

Gender (0 = male)

.40** (.14)

 − .04 (.10)

.03 (.09)

 − .01 (.09)

.39** (.14)

.03 (.15)

.16 (.13)

Ethnicity (0 = non-White)

.08 (.17)

.16 (.12)

 − .08 (.10)

.04 (.10)

 − .13 (.16)

 − .27 (.18)

 − .02 (.16)

Urbanicity

 − .02 (.04)

.01 (.03)

.01 (.03)

 − .02 (.03)

 − .01 (.04)

 − .03 (.05)

 − .03 (.04)

Income

 − .04 (.05)

 − .08* (.03)

 −  − .07** (.03)

 − .05* (.03)

.10* (.04)

.05 (.05)

.04 (.04)

Diet type (0 = non-strict vegetarian)

.12 (.15)

 − .0003 (.11)

 − .19* (.09)

 − .14 (.09)

.03 (.14)

 − .06 (.16)

 − .15 (.14)

Physical health

 − .28*** (.08)

 − .12* (.06)

 − .01 (.05)

 − .06 (.05)

.32*** (.08)

.31*** (.09)

.33*** (.08)

Indirect effect via self-rumination

.01 (.02) [− .03, .05]

.005 (.01) [− .02, .03]

.01 (.02) [− .03, .04]

 − .01 (.02) [− .06, .04]

 − .01 (.03) [− .07, .05]

 − .01 (.02) [− .06, .04]