Table 1 Background characteristics of the case and control groups
Factors | Cases N (%) | Controls N (%) | Total | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | - | |||
18–19 | 42 (34.7) | 42 (34.7) | 84 (34.7) | |
19–20 | 50 (41.3) | 50 (41.3) | 100 (41.3) | |
≥21 | 29 (24.0) | 29 (24.0) | 58 (24.0) | |
Gender | - | |||
Male | 35 (28.9) | 35 (28.9) | 70 (28.9) | |
Female | 86 (71.1) | 86 (71.1) | 172 (71.1) | |
BMI | - | |||
Underweight | 10 (8.3) | 10 (8.3) | 20 (8.3) | |
Healthy range | 87 (71.9) | 87 (71.9) | 174 (71.9) | |
Overweight | 21 (17.4) | 21 (17.4) | 42 (17.4) | |
Obese | 3 (2.5) | 3 (2.5) | 6 (2.5) | |
Study Major | 0.197 | |||
Medicine | 64 (52.9) | 77 (63.6) | 141 (58.3) | |
Dentistry | 8 (6.6) | 14 (11.6) | 22 (9.1) | |
Nursing | 12 (9.9) | 7 (5.8) | 19 (7.9) | |
Pharmacy | 7 (5.8) | 5 (4.1) | 12 (5.0) | |
Medical imaging | 8 (6.6) | 2 (1.7) | 10 (4.1) | |
Speech pathology | 2 (1.7) | 5 (4.1) | 7 (2.9) | |
Anesthesia and Resuscitation | 5 (4.1) | 2 (1.7) | 7 (2.9) | |
Pharmacy doctor | 3 (2.5) | 2 (1.7) | 5 (2.1) | |
Physiotherapy | 3 (2.5) | 2 (1.7) | 5 (2.1) | |
Optometry | 3 (2.5) | 1 (0.8) | 4 (1.7) | |
Cardiac perfusion technology | 1 (0.8) | 2 (1.7) | 3 (1.2) | |
Medical Laboratory Sciences | 3 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.2) | |
Midwifery | 2 (1.7) | 1 (0.8) | 3 (1.2) | |
Cosmetics and skin Care | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) | |
Year of study | 0.643 | |||
First year | 38 (31.4) | 28 (23.1) | 66 (27.3) | |
Second year | 36 (29.8) | 42 (34.7) | 78 (32.2) | |
Third year | 22 (18.2) | 22 (18.2) | 44 (18.2) | |
Fourth year | 15 (12.4) | 17 (14.0) | 32 (13.2) | |
Fifth year | 9 (7.4) | 12 (9.9) | 21 (8.7) | |
Sixth year | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) | |
Family history of acne vulgaris | ||||
Positive | 88 (72.7) | 69 (57.0) | 157 (64.9) | 0.011* |
Negative | 33 (27.3) | 52 (42.9) | 58 (35.1) | |
Adherence to the MD | ||||
Low | 97 (80.2) | 94 (77.7) | 191 (78.9) | 0.652 |
High | 24 (19.8) | 27 (22.3) | 51 (21.1) | |
Milk Consumption | 0.736 | |||
None | 28 (23.7) | 21 (19.4) | 49 (21.7) | |
1–2 per week | 40 (33.9) | 39 (36.1) | 79 (35.0) | |
Daily intake | 50 (42.4) | 48 (44.4) | 98 (43.4) | |
Smoking status | 0.700 | |||
Nonsmoker | 100 (85.5) | 97 (89.0) | 197 (87.2) | |
Previous smoker | 2 (1.7) | 1 (0.9) | 3 (1.3) | |
Current smoker | 15 (12.8) | 11 (10.1) | 26 (11.5) |