Table 2 Comparing Mean Scales of the EPPM constructs before and after the intervention within control, GFM and LFM groups

Control

Perceived efficacy

19.66 (5.08)

20.29 (4.98)

.26

Perceived response efficacy

10.07 (2.69)

10.40 (2.78)

.26

Perceived Self-efficacy

9.59 (3.36)

9.89 (3.05)

.44

Perceived threat

18.80 (3.14)

18.95 (3.72)

.71

Perceived susceptibility

8.43 (2.55)

8.17 (2.16)

.35

Perceived severity

10.19 (1.94)

10.76 (2.73)

.93

Intention

9.25 (3.80)

9.63 (2.51)

.37

Daily SSBs consumption (glasses)

2.95 (2.54)

2.43 (1.87)

.13

Gain frame message

Perceived efficacy

19.62 (4.51)

22.43 (4.08)

 < .001

Perceived response efficacy

9.79 (2.56)

11.31 (2.48)

 < .001

Perceived Self-efficacy

9.80 (2.65)

11.12 (2.39)

 < .001

Perceived threat

18.36 (3.06)

19.32 (3.47)

.023

Perceived Susceptibility

7.72 (2.88)

7.57 (2.35)

.66

Perceived severity

10.64 (1.22)

11.74 (2.57)

.001

Intention

9.09 (3.56)

9.00 (3.69)

.83

Daily SSBs consumption (glasses)

2.31 (2.06)

2.12 (2.11)

.54

Loss frame message

Perceived efficacy

20.24 (4.54)

22.57 (4.78)

 < .001

Perceived response efficacy

10.45 (2.43)

11.60 (2.47)

 < .001

Perceived Self-efficacy

9.84 (3.37)

10.95 (3.26)

.021

Perceived threat

18.01 (2.79)

21.26 (3.67)

 < .001

Perceived Susceptibility

7.85 (2.28)

8.34 (2.12)

.07

Perceived severity

10.19 (1.52)

12.86 (2.69)

 < .001

Intention

8.90 (3.19)

8.05 (3.04)

.04

Daily SSBs consumption (glasses)

3.00 (3.01)

2.38 (1.73)

.16